GI development
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| What is the developing stomach attached to? | It is attached to the body walls by the dorsal and ventral mesenteries.
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| Which wall of the stomach grows faster? | The dorsal wall of the stomach growns faster than the ventral wall.
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| What does the differential growth cause? | It causes the foramtion of the greater and lesser curvatures of the stomach
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| How does the stomach rotate during the 7th week? | It roates 90 degrees clockwise about a longitudinal axis
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| What does the rotation of the stomach cause? | It causes a space behind the stomach called the lesser sac or omental bursa
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| Which side does the greater curvature face? The lesser curvature? | It faces the left
It faces the right
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| What pulls the stomach upward? | When the stomach and duodenum rotate about a ventrodorsal axis.
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| What is the greater omentum? | It is when the dorsal mesentery has thinned and now hangs from the greater curvature
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| What does the ventral mesentery eventually attach to? | It attaches to the developing liver and has formed the lesser omentum
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| Where is the lesser sac (omental bursa) located? | It is located posterior to the stomach
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| Where is the greater sac located? | It is located anterior to the stomach
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| What is the epiploic foramen? | Near the hilum of the liver, this is where the lesser sac communicates with the greater sac
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| What forms from 4 layers of peritoneum? | During the fetal period the anterior and posterior folds of the greater omentum fuse to form one thick sheet formed from 4 layers of peritoneum
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| What supplies blood to the foregut? Midgut? Hindgut? | forgeut is supplied by branches of celiac trunk
midgut is supplied by superior mesentric artery
hindgut is supplied by inferior mesentric artery
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| What does the midgut become? | The midgut becomes the small intestine and proximal large intestine
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| What does the midgut form when it elongates? | It forms the primary intestinal loop
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| What does the cranial limb of primary limb form? | Most of small intestine (distal half of duodenum, entire jejunum and most of ileum)
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| What does the caudal limb form? | Distal ileum, proximal (right) 2/3 of transverse colon
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| What is the apex of the primary intestinal loop connect to? | Connected to yolk sac by vitelline duct (lies within the umbilical cord)
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| What happens because the abdominal organs grow faster than the abdominal cavity? | Forces primary intestine loop to herniate through the umbilicus into umbilical cord.
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| How does the primary intestine loop rotate as herniation continues? | It rotates 90 degrees counter clockwise about the superior mesenteric artery
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| Where is the cranial and caudal lim located? | Cranial is on the right, and caudal is on the left
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| BY 8 to 10 weeks what does the caudal limb develop? | It develops an enlarged cecal bud which will form the cecum
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| What happens after the abdominal cavity grow sufficiently? | The primary intestine loop retracts back into the abdomen
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| As the primary intestine loop retracts how does it rotate | It rotates 180 degrees counterclockwishe about the superior mesentric artery
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| Why does the cranial limb retract before the caudal limb? | The cranial limb retracts firts because the cecal bud acts as a knot on rope and prevents the caudal limb from moving first
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| Which way does the cranial limb go as it retracts? | It goes to the left and froms most of the small intestine. The caudal limb goes to the right of the cranial
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| Where is the transverse colon located? | The transverse colon is in front of the duodenum
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| Where are the cecum and ascending colon intially? After? | Initially they are under the liver. The cecum descends and goes to the lower right. The ascending colon elongates
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| During the fetal period what happens to the vitelline duct? | It regresses and disappears.
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| What happens after the final position of the intestines is attained? | The ascending and descending colon mesenteries fuse to the posterior abdominal wall
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| What is volvulus? | It is a malrotation where the intestine twist on itself
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| What is omphalocele? | It is the failure of the intestine to return to the abdominal cavity. Usually associated with neural tube defects, cardia malformation and chromosomal abnormalities
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| What is Meckel's? | It is failure of the vitelline duct to degenerate. It could have apendix like off of the ileum. It could have a fibrous cord that attaches to umbilicus. It could be patent where there is potential for fecal matter to leave the ileum through umbilicus
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| Nonrotation? | When the primary intestine loop does not rotate 180 degrees as it returns to the abdomen. The large intestine is on left and small on right
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| Reversed rotation? | When gut rotates 90 degrees counterclockwise instead of clockwise. The duodenum is anterior instead of posterior in relation to transverse colon
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| What is the cloacal membrane? | It is going to be apart of the hindgut
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| What does the vitelline duct do? | It connects the yolk sac to the gastrointestinal system
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