Basic Anatomy Vocabulary Terms
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| 1. Anterior | Front Belly
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| 2. Ventral | belly side (equivalent to anterior when referring to human body)
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| 3. Posterior | back, behind
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| 4. Dorsal | the back (equivalent to posterior when referring to human body)
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| 5. Cranial | toward the head
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| 6. Cephalic | same as cranial
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| 7. Superior | above, at a higher level (in human body toward the head)
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| 8. Caudal | toward the tail (coccyx in humans)
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| 9. Inferior | below, at a lower level, toward the feet
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| 10. Medial | toward the midline (the longitudinal axis of the body)
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| 11. Lateral | away from the midline (away from the long axis)
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| 12. Proximal | toward an attached bone
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| 13. Distal | away from an attached base
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| 14. Superficial | at, near, or relatively close to the body surface
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| 15. Deep | toward the inferior of the body, farther from the surface
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| 16. Sagittal | Divides the body in half parallel to the long axis (MRI)
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| 17. Transverse (cross-section) | Divides the body in half at a right angle to the long axis (MRI, CT).
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| 18. Coronal (frontal plane) | Parallel with the longitudinal axis of the body and divides the body in anterior and posterior parts
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| 19. Circumduction | A portion of the object remains stationary while the object held at an angle less than 90 degrees makes a complete circle.
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| 20. Rotation | A tip or part of an object remains stationary while the angle of the shaft remains unchanged as the shaft spins around its longitudinal axis
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| 21. Abduction | Movement away from the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane. For ex. Arm moving away from the body
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| 22. Adduction | Movement towards the longitudinal axis of the body in the frontal plane. For ex. Arm is moving towards the body.
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| 23. Flexion | Movement in the anterior and posterior plane that reduces the angle between the articulating joints. Ex. Head bending forward.
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| 24. Extension | Movement in the anterior and posterior plane that increases the angle between the articulating joints. Ex. Head bending backward
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| 25. Internal rotation (medial rotation) | Limb rotates inward, toward the ventral surface of the body.
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| 26. External rotation (lateral rotation) | Limb rotates outward, toward the posterior surface of the body.
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| 27. Pronation | The motion of the wrist and palm to face downward
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| 28. Supination | The motion of the wrist and palm to face upward
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| 29. Eversion | Twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole outward
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| 30. Inversion | Twisting motion of the foot that turns the sole of the foot inward.
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| 31. Dorsiflexion | Ankle flexion that elevates the distal portion of the foot and toes toward the leg. Note: Dorsiflexion only applies to movement at the ankle and excludes any toe movements.
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| 32. Plantar flexion | Ankle extension that elevates the heel and proximal portion of the foot. Note: Plantar flexion only applies to movement at the ankle and excludes any toe movements.
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| 33. Lateral flexion | Specific movement that causes the vertebral column to bend side to side.
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| 34. Protraction | Moving a part of the body anteriorly in the horizontal plane. Ex. Head coming forward (Forward head posture)
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| 35. Retraction | Moving a part of the body posteriorly in the horizontal plane (Ex Head moving back).
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| 36. a | Without
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| 37. Adeno | Gland
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| 38. Arthro | Joint
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| 39. Brachi | Arm
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| 40. Chondro | Cartilage
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| 41. End, endo | Inside
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| 42. Epi | On
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| 43. Infra | Beneath, Below
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| 44. Inter | Between
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| 45. Intra | Within
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| 46. -Itis | Inflammation
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| 47. Hepato | Liver
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| 48. Histo | Tissue
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| 49. Myo | Muscle
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| 50. Neur, neuro | Nerve
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| 51. Odont | Tooth
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| 52. Oligo | Few, Little
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| 53. -Oma | Swelling
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| 54. Peri | Around
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| 55. Supra | Above
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| 56. –Tomy | To Cut
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