review for chpt 10-13
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| What are the nerves that innervate the skin called | plexuses
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| Describe a motor tract | that carry information from the brain down the spinal cord & toward the periphery AKA descending tracts
ex. Corticospinal tract carries motor info from the cortical region of the brain to the spinal cord
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| Term to describe hopping action potential along the axon from one node to another | Saltatory Conduction
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| What do photoreceptors do | Stimulate light energy
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| When sodium moves inward name the action potential phase | Depolarization
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| If you have Crutch Palsy, what nerve is affected | Axillary nerve (Brachial Plexus)
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| What happens if the phrenic nerves is cut or severed | Impaired breathing
Motor impulses to the diaphragm are interrupted, & the person cannot breath normally. Injured person usually needs a ventilator
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| What is arachnoid mater | Middle layer of meninges because the membrane looks like a spiderweb
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| Name the 4 major areas of the brain | Cerebrum
• Frontal lobe
• Parietal lobe
• Occipital lobe
• Temporal lobe
Diencephalon
• Thalamus
• Hypothalamus
Brainstem
• Midbrain
• Pons
• Medulla oblongata
Cerebellum
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| Fatty insulated material protects what | AKAMyelin sheath—protects & insulates the AXON
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| Frontal, temporal, occipital, & parietal for what area of the brain | Cerebrum
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| Study Cranial Nerve VIII | Vestibulocochlear (Sensory Nerve) Sense of hearing & balanceEquilibrium
Damage may cause loss of hearing, balance or both
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| Sclera- | Outermost layer of the eyeball covered by the conjunctiva
Tough fibrous connective tissue that covers the eyeball
Helps contain the content of the eye
Shapes the eye
Is the site of attachment for the extrinsic eye muscles
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| What is gustatory sensation is related to | A sense of taste is often called the social sense as in “let’s do lunch”
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| If you are unable to extend the hip & flex the knee what nerve is that | Sciatic nerve
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| Cerebral surface that looks like speed bumps. What is the name | Convolutions or gyri/gyrus
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| Broca’s area | Part of the frontal lobe concerned with motor speech
• If damaged (ex. Stroke) slowed, non fluent speech
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| Sympathetic & Parasympathetic Nerves do what | Sympathetic—
• Leave the spinal cord @ the thoracic & lumbar levels
Parasympathetic neurons
• Leave the CNS @ the level of the brain stem & sacrum
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| cord injuries what levels have different effects |
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| What is the space between the axon of one neuron & the dendrite of another | Axon terminals
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| Cranial nerve X “wanderer” | Vagus Nerve-- visceral muscle movement & sensations
movement & secretion of the digestive system
Sensory for reflex regulation of blood pressure
Innervates the tongue, pharynx, larynx & lungs, stomach, intestines
Damage can be fatal—nerve dama
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| Know the anatomy of the brain |
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| Astrocytes | Form a blood brain barrierstar shaped cells
Anchor or bind blood vessels to nerves for support
Acts as phagocytes
Secrete nerve growth factors
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| 26. Spinal nerves are grouped & sorted where | plexuses
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| Subarachnoid space | Space between L3 & L4 – top of the hip bone. Site for a lumbar puncture
Between the arachnoid layer & pia mater of a meninge
Filled with CSF
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| 28. Reflexes—what regulates blood pressure | Baroreceptor reflex
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| Occipital lobes | Located @ back of the head
Visual cortex
Sensory fibers send info to the visual cortex, where it is interpreted as sight
Vision related functions such as reading
Damage causes cortical blindness
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| Patellar/knee jerk • Withdrawl • Ankle jerk/ Achilles tendon • Abdominal • Babinski • baroreceptor | Different reflexes—ex babinski reflex
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| Nerves that supply arm, forearm & hand | Axillary nerves in the Brachial Plexus (c5-c8, T1
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| What makes white matter white | Myelinated fibers called tracts
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| Secretions in the eye & nose are | tears
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| Parasympathetic & sympathetic, what does each do | Sympathetic Nervous System = FIGHT OR FLIGHT
• Stress or feeling threatened
• Periods short
• Laughter, play & rest & relaxation diminish sympathetic outflow & are good buffers against stress
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| Parasympathetic & sympathetic, what does each do | Parasympathetic Nervous System= FEED OR BREED
• Quiet & nonstressful conditions
• Regulates digestion & reproduction function AKA feed & breed or resting & digesting
• Paradoxical fear—parasympathetics can be activated in hopeless situations—uncontro
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| What does the different reflexes do | Withdrawl—protects from injury
Pupillary—regulates amount of light that enters the eye
Baroreceptor—causes heart & blood vessels to respond in a way that restores blood pressure to normal
Babinskis-stroking lateral sole heel to toe---curling of t
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| Describe the function of the Phrenic Nerve | stimulates the diaphragm causing it to contact
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| area of skin innervcated by the spinal cord, (particular nerve it serves | dermatome
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