The Endocrine System
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| Acromegaly | chronic metabolic condition characterized by gradual noticeable enlargement and elongation of the facial bones, jaw and extremities due to over secretion of the pituitary gland after puberty
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| Gestational Diabetes | condition occurring during pregnancy; inability to metabolize carbohydrates due to insulin deficiency and elevated blood sugar levels
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| Diabetes Insipidus | condition due to deficiency in antidiuretic hormone by the posterior pituitary gland with large amounts of urine and sodium being secreted
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| Dwarfism | growth retardation due to human growth hormone deficiency before puberty
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| Gigantism | overgrowth of body tissue due to hypersecretion of human growth hormone before puberty causing abnormal growth of the long bones
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| Simple, Non-toxic Goiter | hyperplasia of the thyroid gland due to deficient iodine in the diet
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| Myxedema | most severe form of hypothyroidism characterized by puffy appearance and thick tongue
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| Hyperthyroidism | known as Grave's disease
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| Thyroid Storm | thyrotoxicosis
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| Cushing's Syndrome | adrenal condition with these symptoms; obesity "moon" face, edema, hypertension, muscle weakness, poor wound healing, low potassium and emotional changes
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| Addison's Disease | life-threatening adrenal cortex disease, symptoms; low blood glucose and sodium, weight loss, dehydration, G.I. disturbances, increased pigmentation of skin, cold intolerance, anxiety and depression
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| Diabetes Mellitus | Pancreatic disorder
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| Glycosuria | sugar in the urine
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| Virilism | Development of secondary male sex traits in women, cause; excessive adrenocortical androgen's from adrenal cortex
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| Adenohypophysis | anterior pituitary gland
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| Cretinism | Congenital condition caused by lack of thyroid secretion, characterized by; dwarfism, slowed mental development, puffy facial feature, dry skin and large tongue
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| Endocrine Gland | ductless gland; produces hormone secreted directly in to the blood stream
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| Exophthalmia | marked outward protrusion of the eyeballs
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| Diabetic Retinopathy | consequence of long-term diabetes mellitus in which capillaries of the retina experience microaneurysms, hemorrhages and scarring
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| Euthyroid | normally functioning thyroid
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| Hypercalcemia | Elevated blood calcium level
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| Hyperkalemia | elevated blood potassium level
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| Glycogenesis | conversion of excess glucose into glycogen for storage int he liver as needed
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| Hyperglycemia | elevated blood sugar level
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| Hypernatremia | elevated blood sodium level
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| Hypocalcemia | less than normal blood calcium level
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| Hypoglycemia | less than normal blood sugar level
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| Hypokalemia | less than normal blood potassium level
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| Hyponatremia | less than normal blood sodium level
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| Polyuria | excretion of excessive amounts of urine
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| Insulin Shock | shock as a result of extremely low blood sugar levels
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| Medulla | internal part of a structure organ
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| Metabolism | sum of all physical and chemical processes that take place in the body
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| Polydipsia | excessive thirst
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| Oxytocin | hormone secreted by posterior pituitary gland, stimulates contractions of uterus during childbirth and stimulates milk release from the breasts of lactating women
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| Growth Hormone | somatotropic hormone
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| Syndrome | group of symptoms, indicative of a particular disease or abnormality
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| Tetany | condition of complication of hypocalcemia, symptoms; severe cramping and twitching of muscles, sharp flexion of wrist and ankle joints
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| Hyperinsulinism | Excessive insulin in the body
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| Endocrinology | study of diseases and disorders of the endocrine system
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| Glucagon | pancreatic hormone secretion which stimulates the liver to convert glycogen to glucose and release into the blood stream
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| Glycogenolysis | break down of stored sugar (starch) in to simple sugar
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| Androgens | aka male steroid hormones
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| Serum Glucose Tests | blood tests that measure the amount of glucose in the blood at the time the sample was drawn
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| Glucose Tolerance Test | test which evaluates a person's ability to tolerate a concetrated glucose load by measuring glucose levels prior to dose, 30 minutes, one hour, two hours and three hours later.
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| Thyroid Scan | position, size, function of thyroid
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