GENETICS & EVOLUTION
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| show | males have dx but females are carriers
--> do not pass to offspring
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| heterochromatin | show 🗑
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| euchromatin | show 🗑
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| Lyon's hypothesis | show 🗑
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| A person with 2 barr bodies has ____ X chromosomes | show 🗑
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| show | -single copy
-do not skip generations
-equal numbers of affected females and males
-father to son transmission is observed
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| What is fitness defined by? | show 🗑
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| show | selects for trait on one extreme
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| stabilizing selection | show 🗑
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| disruptive selection | show 🗑
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| Group selection | show 🗑
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| Altruism | show 🗑
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| Evolutionary success | show 🗑
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| Species (3) | show 🗑
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| Are a horse and donkey same species? | show 🗑
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| Speciation | show 🗑
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| polymorphism | show 🗑
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| show | genetic change in a population caused by natural selection
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| specialization | show 🗑
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| Inbreeding increases frequency of __ and decreases ___. | show 🗑
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| Why is inbreeding so bad? | show 🗑
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| Bottleneck effect | show 🗑
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| genetic drift and when does the effect increase? | show 🗑
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| show | TRUE
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| show | same lineage, evolving apart to be more different
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| show | homologous
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| show | structures that are embryologically similar but have different functions
(i.e. whale flipper and human arm)
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| parallel evolution | show 🗑
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| convergent evolution | show 🗑
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| show | structures that do the same job but have different origins
(i.e. bird wings and bee wings)
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| show | two species reciprocally affect each other's evolution (prey and predator)
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| parasitism | show 🗑
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| commensalism | show 🗑
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| mutualism | show 🗑
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| ontogeny vs. phylogeny | show 🗑
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| Ontogeny Recapitulates Phylogeny Theory | show 🗑
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| Molecular Clock Theory | show 🗑
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| What are neutral mutation? | show 🗑
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| What is Oparin and Haldane's theory on origin of life? | show 🗑
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| show | Urey-Miller
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| show | RNA is precursor to current life because RNA can store genetic info and catalyze chemical rxns
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| show | aggregates of RNA and px inside lipid envelopes
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| show | -endosymbiosis --> big cx engulfed a smaller cx
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| What are 2 types of endosymbiosis? | show 🗑
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| show | anaerobic heterotrophs --> anaerobic autotrophs --> aerobics
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| show | one of the phylums in the kingdom Animalia
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| show | notochord, gill slits in embryo (pharyngeal pouches, branchial arches), dorsal nerve cord
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| What is a vertebrate vs. chordate? | show 🗑
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| Chordates vs. vertebrates | show 🗑
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| Are all vertebrates chordates? Are all chordates vertebrates? | show 🗑
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| Notochord | show 🗑
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| p + q = | show 🗑
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| show | p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
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| 5 assumptions of Hardy-Weinberg | show 🗑
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| What is a back-cross? | show 🗑
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| What is a test-cross? | show 🗑
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| show | location of a gene on a chromosome
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| show | variant of a gene
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| show | same locus
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| show | 2 - one from mom, one from dad
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| show | gene flow from one species to another
--> concern for antibiotic resistance
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| show | all of the alleles in a population
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| show | frequency genotype will result in phenotype (whether you have it or not)
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| show | to what degree a penetrant gene is expressed
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| show | meiosis I
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| In meiosis, are the daughter cells identical to parent cell? | show 🗑
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| show | haploid (n) daughter cells
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| show | independent assortment
--> sometimes mom's chromo is on left, sometimes it's on rightW
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| show | segregation
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| show | chiasma / tetrad formation
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| What lines up during meiosis I? Mitosis? | show 🗑
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| show | 2 / 4
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| Where are all of the sex-linked alleles located? | show 🗑
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| cytoplasmic inheritance | show 🗑
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| show | mother
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| inversion mutation | show 🗑
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| show | extra base is added to DNA sequence
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| What to addition / deletion mutations create? | show 🗑
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| show | stretch of DNA breaks off and reattaches somewhere else
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| inborn errors of metabolism | show 🗑
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| Are all mutagens carcinogens? Are all carcinogens mutagens? | show 🗑
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| show | increase mitosis
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| show | -mutagen = causes mutation
-carcinogen = causes mutation that causes cancer
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| vestigial structures | show 🗑
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| show | populations
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| Does chordate mean having a backbone? | show 🗑
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| All vertebrates belong to what phylum? | show 🗑
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| show | produce large number of offspring that mature rapidly with littler or no parental care
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| show | small brood size with slow maturing offspring and strong parental care
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| show | single ancestral species gives rise to a number of different species
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| What carries out long-term evolutionary changes? | show 🗑
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| coacervates | show 🗑
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| show | -prevent zygote formation completely
-offspring are inviable
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| inclusive fitness | show 🗑
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| What ultimately creates evolution? | show 🗑
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| How to calculate the number of possible gametes for AaBbCc? | show 🗑
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| show | increase incidence of expression of deleterious recessive traits
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| show | animls, plants, fungi, protozoans
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| Which organisms fall under prokaryotes? | show 🗑
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| What are simplest eukaryotes? | show 🗑
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| show | -more common in males
-skip generations
-NO father-son transmission
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| What does the Hardy-weinberg equilibrium oppose? | show 🗑
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| show | blue / pink
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| show | epididymis / ovary
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| Characteristics of yeast cells | show 🗑
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| show | glycine
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| What is the imino acid? | show 🗑
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| show | cysteine
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| Background extinction vs. mass extinction | show 🗑
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| show | entire population gene pool is based on genes of individuals that founded population
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| What is estrogen synthesized from? | show 🗑
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| show | avg. amount of time btwn appearances of 2 successive generations (i.e. parent and offspring)
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| show | leydig cells --> stimulate testosterone release --> FSH
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| all bacteria require ____ for growth and reproduction | show 🗑
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| autotrophic bacteria | show 🗑
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| show | bacteria that derive carbon from organic nutrients like sugar
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| show | use sunlight to produce sugars from CO2
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| What eukaryotic organelles are derived from endosymbiotic bacteria? | show 🗑
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| show | nonsense > missense > silent
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| show | nucleolus
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| What is the largest organelle in the cell? | show 🗑
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| How many sets of tumor suppressor genes does each person have? | show 🗑
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| Human diet consist mostly of what type of sugar? | show 🗑
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| Do erythrocytes have organelles? | show 🗑
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| show | cytoplasm and cx membrane supplies erythrocytes
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| population | show 🗑
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| fundamental niche | show 🗑
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| show | conditions individuals actually use to survive
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| show | NO
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| Type A blood makes antibodies against? | show 🗑
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| When a population undergoes bottleneck, what is genotype of population? | show 🗑
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| show | environmental factors influence phenotype
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