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DAT-BIOL
Stack #189911
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| prokaryotes have/lack mesosome | have |
| prokaryotes have/lack PM | have |
| prokaryotes have/lack mitochondria | lack |
| prokaryotes have/lack lysosome | lack |
| prokaryotes have/lack ER | lack |
| prokaryotes have/lack golgi apparatus | lack |
| prokaryotes have/lack nucleus | lack |
| prokaryotes have/lack embedded cholesterol in lipid bilayer | lack |
| prokaryotes have/lack histone | lack |
| prokaryotes have/lack ETC | have (special ETC not in mitochondria) |
| prokaryotes have/lack ribosome | have |
| two types of angiosperm | monocot(narrow leaf), dicot(broad leaf) |
| cambrium is | source of 2nd growth of plants which develops into phloem and xylem. |
| phloem is | transports nutrients down stem |
| xylem is | transports water up stem |
| vascular tissue transporting nutrients down stem | phloem |
| vascular tissue transporting water up stem | xylem |
| plants lacking vascular tissues | non-trachephyte |
| non-trachephyte is | plants lacking vascular tissues |
| stomata | control gas exchange by opening/closing |
| control gas exchange by opening/closing | stomata |
| stroma | fluid inner membrane of chloroplast |
| fluid inner membrane of chloroplast | stroma |
| thylakoid | photosynthetic pigment in chloroplast |
| photosynthetic pigment in chloroplast | thylakoid |
| meristem | undifferentiated cells in plants |
| undifferentiated cells in plants | meristem |
| apical meristem | undifferentiated cells that eventually develop into branches and flowers |
| undifferentiated cells that eventually develop into branches and flowers | apical meristems |
| NT consists of | sugar + phosphate + nitrogenous base |
| nucleoside consists of | sugar + nitrogenous base |
| lyase breaks down | C-C, C-O, C-N |
| when the sigmoidal curve for Hb is shifted to right the affinity of O2 is decreased/increased | decreased, hence releasing O2 |
| effect of H+ on Hb sigmoidal curve | shifts right` |
| Red marrow | form RBC, leukocyte, thrombocyte |
| what part of a bone forms RBC, leukocyte, thrombocyte | Red marrow |
| Yellow marrow | stores fat |
| what part of a bone stores fat | yellow marrow` |
| under what condition is yellow marrow converted to red marrow | when blood supply is low |
| megakaryocyte | produces platelets |
| what produeces platelets | megakaryocyte |
| types of leukocytes | never let monkeys eat banana (neutrophil, lymphocyte, macrocyte, eosinophil, basophil) |
| giberellins | hormone which allows stem elongation and induces plants to flower |
| hormone which allows stem elongation and induces plants to flower | giberellins |
| cytokinin | hormone which promotes cell division |
| hormone which promotes cell division | cytokinin |
| ethylene | fruuit ripening |
| abscisic acid | inhibit planht growth hormone |
| what inhibits plant growth hormone | abscisic acid |
| structure of collagen | triple helix |
| plants have/lack centriole | lack |
| animals have/lack centriole | have |
| blue green algae is in what domain | monera(cyanobacteria) |
| most accurate way to work out molecular structure | x-ray diffraction |
| gram +/- bacteria have thick peptidoglycan | + |
| gram +/- bacteria appear purple after gram staining | + |
| gram +/- bacteria have thin peptidoglycan | - |
| gram +/- bacteria are pathogenic | - |
| teichoic acid used as | binding site used by bacterial viruses on gram positive bacteria |
| middle ear contains | 3 occipitals, mallus, incus, stapes |
| inner ear contains | semicircular canal (for balance) and cochlea (converts sound wave into neural messages) |
| glucagon produced in | pancreatic alpha |
| insulin produced in | pancreatic beta |
| aldosterone causes | Na+, H2O reabsorption, K+ secretion |
| fungi composed of filaments called __, collectively called | hyphae, mycelium |
| fungi reproduces sexually/asexually | both |
| eg of saprophytic | all fungi |
| fungi lack/have cell walls | have, (chitin) |
| habitat | physical environment in which organism occupies |
| physical environment in which organism occupies | habitat |
| niche | ROLE an organism plays in a community |
| community | interaction between different species |
| interaction between different species | community |
| ROLE an organism plays in a community | niche |
| arthropods have open/closed circulatory system | open |
| nephridia is | excretory structure in annelids |
| annelids have open/closed circulatory system | closed |
| 3 stages of fetus development | morula blastrula gastrula (must be good) |
| morula to blastrula by mitosis or meiosis | mitosis |
| nervous system is ecto/endo/mesoderm | ectoderm |
| skeleton is ecto/endo/mesoderm | mesoderm |
| gonad is ecto/endo/mesoderm | mesoderm |
| kidney is ecto/endo/mesoderm | mesoderm |
| circulatory system is ecto/endo/mesoderm | mesoderm |
| lining of bladder is ecto/endo/mesoderm | endoderm |
| liver is ecto/endo/mesoderm | endoderm |
| pancreas is ecto/endo/mesoderm | endoderm |
| cells of stomach | chief, parietal, G-cell |
| how does stomach wall not degraded by acid | mucous protects stomch |
| some eg of cnidaria | hydras, jellyfish, sea anemoas |
| stinging cells in Cnidaria called | nematocyst |
| nematocysts | stinging cells in Cnidaria |
| eg of cartilaginous fish | shark, rays |
| distinguishing feature about cartilaginous fish | skel composed of cartilage |
| shark, rays eg of what fish | cartilaginous fish |
| characteristics of chordates | Do Not Pinch People dorsal hallow nerve cord notocord pharangeal slits postanal tail |
| structure of collagen | triple helix, every 3rd position occupied by Glycine |
| how body releases Ca2+ | PTH => inc. osteoclast |
| how body decreases Ca2+ | calcitonin => inc. osteoblast |
| posterior pituitary releases | oxytocin, ADH |
| ADH released from | posterior pituitary |
| calcitonin released from | thyroid |
| PTH released from | parathyroid |
| epinephrine inc or dec blood sugar level | increase |
| eg of catecholamine | epinephrine, NE |
| thyroxin released from what and its effect | thyroid gland, inc basal metablolic rate |
| reverse transcription | RNA -> DNA |
| adaptive radiation aka | divergent evolution |
| divergent evolution aka | adaptive radiation |
| hardy weinberg requires no | maggie may does not smoke + isolation mutation migration drift non-random mating selection |
| hardy weinberg shows | how genotype and phenotype stability can be achieved |
| chromosomal inversion | one chromosome turned 180 degrees |
| chromosomal translocation | 2 non homogeneous chromosomes interchange genes |
| anticodon | triplet of NT on tRNA |
| maternal DNA seen in | mitochondria |
| dowm syndrome, number of chromosome in an individual with this syndrome | trisomy 21, 47 |
| Turner syndrome, number of chromosome in an individual with this syndrome | lack an X chromosome, 44 autosome, 1 sex chromosome => total of 45 chromosme |
| turner syndrome symptom | less feminine (no ovaries) |
| kleinfelter syndrome | XXY or XXXY, ALWAYS 44 autosome |
| kleinfelter syndrome symptom | sterile, feminine males |
| sterile, feminine males symtom of __ syndrome | kleinfelter |
| less feminine (no ovaries) symptom of __ syndrome | turner |
| spermatozoa matured in | epididymis |
| __ cells secrete testeosterone | ledig |
| spermatogenisis occurs in | semineferous tubule |
| darwin's therory on molecular genetics and mutations | never discussed these ideas |
| corpus luteum turnes into __ in case no ferilization occurs | corpus albican |
| where does fertilzation occur | fallopian tube |
| oocyte development halted at __ until puberty | prophase I of meiosis |
| amphixous and tunicates are __ phylum that lack __ | chordata, vertebrates (ie they're invertebrates) |
| all vertebrates are in __ phylum | chordata |
| special feature about amphixous and tunicates | chordates which are invertebrates. they don't lose their notochord like all other chordates |
| genetic code universal except for __ | mitochondria and chloroplast |
| cholecystokinin is made in __ its role is to __ | duodenum, stimulate bile release from gall bladder |
| secretin is made in __ its role is to __ | duodenum, stimulate production of pancreatic juice |
| enterogasterase is made in __ its role is to __ | duodenum, inhibit stomach gland secretion |
| breathing rate is sensitive to H+ or CO2 or O2 | all |
| eg of veins carrying o2'd blood | umbilical vein, pulmonary vein |
| ductus venosus | umbilical vein -> (bypass liver) -> inferior vena cava |
| foramen ovale | shunt flow from right to left atrium |
| ductus arteriosus | pulmonary artery -> (bypass lung) -> aorta |
| how does gas exchange occur in fetal lung | doesn't occur |
| __ allows left and right hemispheres of brain to communicate | corpus callosum |
| during light __ produced in __. | O2, NADPH high [H+], ATP(from H+ gradient) |
| dark rxn known as __ occurs in | calvin cycle, stroma |
| calvin cycle requires __ for each CO2 that becomes incorporated in carbohydrate | 3ATP, 2NADPH |
| final product of calvin cycle | G3P, NOT glucose!! |
| production of 1 glucose via calvin cycle requires __ ATP , __ NADPH | 18, 12 |
| ligament connects __ to _ | bone to bone |
| tendons connect __ to __ | bone to muscle |
| haversion canals have | blood vessels, nerves |
| phylum mollusca divides into __ and __ | cephalopoda, gastropoda |
| cephalopoda in __ phylum, includes __ | mollusca, squid, octopus |
| class crustacean in __ phylum inclucdes | arthropoda, crab, shrimp, lobster |
| class arachnida in __ phylum includes | arthropoda, scoprians, spiders |
| shrimp in __ class, __ phylum | crustacean, arthropoda |
| spider in __ class, __ phylum | arachnida, arthropoda |
| bile produced in | liver |
| N. waste -> urea occurs in | liver |
| major glycogen storage | liver |
| analogous structure = __ evolution | convergent eg. bat vs bird wings |
| homologous structure = __ evolution | divergent |
| transpiration is | loss of H2O from leaves |
| hydrolysis | using water to split molecules |
| hydration | addn of water |
| diapause | resting condition of insect similar to animal hibernation |
| if body doesn't produce enough ADH, | loss of H2O, large quantity of urine |
| diabetes insipidus caused by | not enough ADH produced |
| type 1 diabetes mellitus | autoimmune destroyes pancreatic beta cells |
| type 2 diabetes mellitus | body resistant to insulin |
| sugar in urine symptom of | diabetes mellitus |
| common symptom of diabetes melllitus | sugar in urine |
| most reabsorption in kidney occurs in | proximal tubule |
| sugar actively/passively reabsorbed | actively |
| major secretion in kidney occurs in | distal tubule |
| mRNA produced by | RNA polymerase |
| PKU disease | lack enzymes for phenylalanine |
| __ disease lack enzymes for phenylalanine | PKU |
| gout | uric acid crystals deposit |
| uric acid crystals deposit | gout |
| diabetes insipidus caused by | not enought vasopressin |
| tay sach | defective lysosome |
| defective lysosome | tay sach |
| hashimoto's disease | defective thyroid |
| defective thyroid | hasimoto's disease |
| RBC lacks | mitochondria, nucleus |
| nuclues in sperm in | head |
| tropoblast is | precursor of placenta |
| precursor of placenta called | tropoblast |
| fish has __ chambered heart | 2 |
| frog has __ chambered heart | 3 |
| bird has __ chambered heart | 4 |
| __ absorbs digest fat from intestine | lacteal (small lymph vessel) |
| sexual dimorphism | male and female differ in appearance |
| B-cell results in __ which causes | humoral immune response, produce antibodies in blood and lymph |
| T-cell developed in __ results in __ which causes | thymus, cell-mediated immune response, apoptosis |
| newly hatched duck following moving object eg of | imprinting |
| imprinting is __. an eg is | learning occuring at a particular stage of life, newly hatched duck following parents |
| Barr body is | inactivated X chromosome |
| hemizygous is __ eg is | having single copy of gene, instead of two. eg. male XY |
| chondrichthys | skates and sharks |
| amphibian | toads frogs |
| aves | birds |
| agnatha | hagfish, lamprey |
| genetic drift | change in allele freq caused by PHENOMINA, entirely from CHANCE |
| speciation | process by which new species arrive |
| polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | clone DNA |
| __ technique to clone DNA | PCR |
| product of kreb cycle | 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 GTP |
| bacteria derive E from | glycolysis, ETC (special) |
| cross-over occurs in | prophase 1 of meiosis |
| chlorphyll in | thylakoid |
| ledig cell | secretes testosteron |
| purpose of lactate prductino in active muscle | replenish NAD+ for glycolysis |
| apocrine gland | gland that respond to stress |
| eccrine gland | maintains body temp |
| cnidoblast | cells located in tentacles of coelenterate, filled with nematocyst |
| ion in chlorophyll | Mg2+ |
| ion in Hb | Fe2+ |
| each NT bound to the next one by __ bond | phosphodiester (3'OH to 5'OH) |
| __develops into umbilical cord | allantois |
| stroke volume | volume of blood pump in each beat |
| achondoplasia | dwarfism |
| progeria | premature aging |
| 2 negative inhibitions in female hormone | estrogen -FSH, progesterone -LH |
| Glycolysis end product | pyruvate |
| ABO bloodgroup represents | polymorphysm |
| reptiles have __ chambered heart | 3 |
| tunicates | invertebrate with notocord |
| amphixous | invertebrate with notocord |
| vegetative propagation | asexual reproduction in plants |
| asexual reproduction in plants called | vegetative propagation |
| double fertilization in plants | sperm (1N) unites with zygote (2N) to form 3N (endosperm) |
| cotyledon | forms leaves after germination |
| amphibians have closed/open circulatory | closed |
| most abundent product of metabolism | CO2 |
| denaturing protein affects primary or sec, or tert, or quternary structure | all except for primary structure (sequence of AA) |
| female part of flower | pistil |
| male part of flower | stamen |
| anther | chamber where pollen develops |
| chamber where pollen develops | anther |
| immature male gametophyte | pollen |
| 3 parts of pistil | ovary, style, stigma |
| part which catches pollens | stigma |
| in plants haploid gametophyte is multi/unicelluar | multicellular |
| in animals haploid gametophyte is multi/unicellular | unicellular |
| subunits in Hb | 2alpha, 2beta |
| transposable elements | can cut themselves, reinsert in another area |
| how do somatic cells alter genetic constitution without meiosis | via transposable elements |
| major criteron in defining a species | reproductive isolation |
| mollusca have open/closed circulatory system | cephalopods - closed gastropods - open |
| cephalopods have low/high O2 demand | high, for jet propulsion |
| virus containing RNA calle | retrovirus |
| cruetzfeldt-jacob | prion disease |
| kingdom protista includes | paramecium, green algae |
| paramecium in what kingdom | protista |
| green algae in what kingdom | protista |
| blue green algae in what kingdom | monera |
| nematoda | hookworm, pinworm |
| platyhelminths | tapeworm |
| hookworm in phylum | nematoda |
| pinworm in what phylum | nematod |
| tapeworm in what phylum | platyhelminths |
| deuterosteome | echinoderm + chordata, anus -> mouth |
| bryophyte | non-vascular (non-tracheophyte), mosses, liverworts |
| non-tracheophytic plants in what phylum | bryophyte |
| mosses in what phylum | bryophyte |
| liverworts in what phylum | bryophyte |
| parasite transmitted by mosquito called | sporazoan |
| sporazoan | parasite transmitted by mosquito called |
| malaria caused by | plasmodium |
| plasmodium | malaria caused by |
| osteoartharitis | wearing away of carilage as a person ages |
| wearing away of carilage as a person ages | osteoartharitis |
| rheumatoid artharitis | degenerative genetic disorder |
| degenerative genetic disorder causing wearing away of cartilage | rheumatoid artharitis |
| osteoblast matures into | osteoclast |
| plasma cells function | antibody production (B-cell) |
| antibody production (B-cell) by | plasma cells |
| mast cells function | histamine release |
| histamine release by | mast cells |
| allantois function | store nitrogenous waste |
| most abundent RNA | rRNA |
| least abundent RNA | mRNA |
| anticodon bdd to codon by _ bond | H-bond |
| relationsihp betw. lichen and algae eg of | symbiosis (lichen protects, alga supplies food) |
| albumin contained in __ which __ | plasma, maintain blood osmotic pressure |
| In antibody (immunoglobin), two heavy chains linked to two light chains by __ | S-S |
| mullerian mimics | group of organisms posessing the same yellow warning color, although phylogenetically unrelated |
| group of organisms posessing the same yellow warning color, although phylogenetically unrelated | mullerian mimics |
| tannin | unsatisfactory taste in plants |
| unsatisfactory taste in plants | tannin |
| stem cells in bone marrow produce RBC via mitosis/meosis | mitosis |
| 5 classes of immunoblobin | IgG IgA IgM IgE IgD |
| helper t cell | stimulate prod. of antibody by B cell |
| antigenic determinant | site on antigen, where antibody bdd to |
| site on antigen, where antibody bdd to | antigenic determinant |
| an egg has __ chromosome, __ chromatid | 23, 23 |
| nucleosome | histone + DNA |
| histone + DNA | nucleosome |
| complement system | chemical defense system comprised of serum (complements immunme systme)_ |
| allopathic speciation | speciation due to geographical isolation |
| speciation due to geographical isolation | allopathic speciation |
| sympatic speciation | speciation due to ecological , genetic, behavioural barriers within SAME GEOG BOUNDING |
| speciation due to ecological , genetic, behavioural barriers within SAME GEOG BOUNDING | sympatic speciation |
| genetic population bottleneck | diaster wipes out large population. alles/freq of survivor doesn't represent the large population |
| diaster wipes out large population. alles/freq of survivor doesn't represent the large population | genetic population bottleneck |
| protostome | mollusca, arthropoda, annelids, mouth -> anus |
| oncotoic presure | pull water into circulatory system |
| hydrostatic presure | pull water out of circulatory system |
| zymogen | inactive form of enzyme eg pepsinogen |
| inactive form of enzyme eg pepsinogen | zymogen |
| spherical bacteria | cocci |
| rod shape bacteria | bacilli |
| helical bacteria | spiralla |
| era's in order | Peter Pan May Cry (Precambian, Paleozoic (first vertebrates, algae), Mesozoic (dino), Cenozoic |
| Ontogeny Recapitulates Phylogeny | not accepted theory, says embroynic stages repeat evolutionary history of species |
| plasmolysis | cell shrink due to water loss |
| cell shrink due to water loss | plasmolysis |
| sucrose composed of | gluc + fruc |
| maltose comp of | 2 gluc |
| lactose comp of | galac + gluc |
| T or F earliest organism heterotrophs were obligate aerobes | F. obligate anaerobes |
| halophiles | bacteria living in salty environmnet |
| mendel suggested 2 theories | 1. law of indep assortment 2. law of segregation |
| pyrimidine has _ ring | 1 |
| purine has _ ring | 2 |
| voice box | larynx |
| head of bacteriophage, where DNA/RNA formed | caspid |
| caspid | head of bacteriophage, where DNA/RNA formed |
| interferons | cytokine (glycoprotein), produced in response to viral attack |
| cytokine (glycoprotein), produced in response to viral attack | interferons |
| algae in what kingdom | protista |
| carrying capacity | # of organisms that can be sustained by resources |
| pulse-chase exp | use radioactive label on protein to detect what's happening to it |
| optically inactive AA | glycine |
| ferns vascular or nonvascular | vascular |
| mosses vascular or nonvascular | nonvascular |
| in ferns spores produced from __ | sporangia |
| clusters of sporangia | sori |
| sori | clusters of sporangia |
| sori found in | ferns |
| source of sugar in photosynthesis | CO2 |
| source of O2 in photosynthesis | H2O |
| a map unit is | 1% recomb frequency |
| K-selected population | low reproductive rate |
| R-selected population | high reproductive rate eg bacteria |
| agonistic behaviours | two animals compete |
| casparian strip | waxy band in plant. |
| most CO2 in body in form of | HCO3- |
| food and air cross over at | phayrnx |
| buffer system in intracellular fluid | H2PO4-, HPO42- |
| buffer system in extracellular fluid | HCO3-, H2CO32- |
| reabsorbed glucose from intestine carried to liver by | portal vein |
| capacitation | required for egg penetration, fertilzation |
| protoplasm | all material within cell |
| cytoplasm | all material within cell - nucleus |
| organ system | group of organs with related functions |
| aneurysm | fluid filled buldge in weaked wall of artery |
| insulin causes cell to become more/less permeable to glucose | more glut4 moved to surface allowing more gluc to move out of cell |
| true plastid | chloroplast |
| plastid in plants or animals | only in plants |
| smallest passages of lungs | bronchiole |
| aquatic animals excrete | ammonia |
| birds, reptiles, insects excrete | uric acid |
| flagellum compose of | MT + dynein, kinesin (9+2) |
| @ gastrula there are 3 layers, namely | endo, ecto, meso |
| 3 layers of skin | epidermis, dermis, hypodermis (subcutaneous) |
| lipid bilayer symmetric or nonsymmetric | nonsymmetric |
| lamarkian theory | not accepted anymore, acquired trait passed down to offspring |
| before DNA, __ was the universal genetic code | RNA |
| keratin | fibrous protien, makes skin waterproof |
| mesenchyme | stem cell for connective tissue |
| stem cell for connective tissue | mesenchyme |
| cori cycle | lactate->glucose |
| cori cycle occurs in what organ | liver |
| FA synth occurs in what part of cell | cytosol |
| primary protein modific site | golgi |
| somatic cell nuclear transfer | cloning technique, remove nucleus from somatic cell, implant into an egg |
| recombinant DNA technology (genetic engineering) | alter genome of an organism by having DNA transplanted in it, used to make insulin |
| plasmid | double stranded, circular DNA |
| vector DNA | DNA about to be altered |
| vector and donor DNA joined by | DNA ligase |
| when vector and donar DNA joined, forms | recombinant DNA |
| how insulin made via recombinant dna technology | join vector and donor DNA, introduce this rec. DNA to E-coli. E-coli replicates this recombinant DNA and produeces insulin |
| when extrachromosomal gene becomes a part of main chromosome, its called | episome |
| single gene affecting more than one phenotype | pleiotrophy |
| pleiotrophy | single gene affecting more than one phenotype |
| epstatic gene | cover up expression of another gene |
| cover up expression of another gene | epstatic gene |
| difference betw. epstasis and ordinary dominance | epstasis involves 2 different genes, whereas ordinary dominance deals with same type of gene |
| acrosome | cause breakdown of protective surface of egg |
| _ in sperm cause breakdown of protective surface of egg | acrosome |
| introns are traanscribed but not translated T or F | F neither transcribed nor translated |
| precursor to prokaryotes | protobionts |
| operant conditioning | reward & consequence(positive or negative) animal learns to associate action with consequence |
| 1 spermatogonia produces | 4 spermatozoa |
| secretion from prostate gland neutralizes ___ | seminal fluid |
| blood travels slowest in | capillary |
| first plant to have seeds | gymnosperm |
| paramecium | ciliated protozoa, contractile vacuole to remove H2O |
| in SDS, heavy protein appear on top/bottom light on top/bottom | top, bottom |
| longest stage of cell cycle | G1 |
| cell cycle in order | G0, G1, S, G2, M |
| peptide hormone bdd on PM or in cell | on PM |
| steroid hormone bdd on PM or in cell | in cell |
| facultative anaerobe | live with or without O2, but grow better in presence of O2 |
| O3 converts UV to __ | heat |
| __behavior precedes mating | courtship |
| mitoch in __ of sperm | midpiece |
| __ of sperm comes in contact with __ of egg | acrosome, zona pellucida |
| __ is the only AA capable of forming S-S | cystein |
| degree and type of DNA coiling controlled by | DNa topoisomer |
| ribosome has __ subunit | 2, each with rRNA and protein |
| valine | non polar AA |
| western blotting | identify protein |
| when protein denatured __ structures present | primary |
| modif of protein occurs in | RER and golgi |
| XX (female) has _ barr body | 1 |
| XY (male) has _ barr body | 0 |
| XXXXY has _ barr body | 3 |
| uric acid removed by | kidney |
| bacterial phase | lytic (virulent), lysogenic (provirus) |
| stages of bacterial growth (Curve) | 1. lag 2. exp. growth 3. plateau 4. death |
| penicillin affect on bacteria | inhibit cell wall production |
| inclusions | material, energy storage in bacteria |
| what kind of immune response does prion disease cause | none |
| lipid absorbed in | jejunum, illeum |
| compound light microscope used for | viewing dead cell |
| phase contrast for | viewing living cell |
| cell wall of prokaryotes composed of | peptidoglycan |
| cell wall of fungi | chitin |
| cell wall of plants | cellulose |
| karyokenisis | division of nucleus |
| hermaphrodites | have functional male and female gondads |
| 3 binding sites on ribosome | 1 for mRNA 2 for tRNA (P and A sites) |
| disruptive selection | eliminate intermediate, favor extreme |
| stabilizing selection | favor intermediate, eliminate extremes |
| directional selection | eliminate one extreme |
| bryophytes includes__, and have dominant __ stage | mosses, liverwort, dominant gametophyte |
| angiosperm has dominant __ stage | sprophyte |
| transformation in bacteria | plasmid gets incorporated via recombination (episome) |
| conjugation in bacteria | F factor transferred to F- |
| transduction in bacteria | bacteriophage infects host cell |
| peritubular capillary | absorb H2O from loop of Henle |
| murmur | blood backflow caused by faulty heart valve |
| blood plasma | all components in blood - RBC |
| reticular activating system | startle response (involves complex reflexes) |
| startle response (involves complex reflexes) | reticular activating system |
| birds and animals flock, or herd together an example of | fixed action pattern |
| habituation | repeated stimulation results in decreased responsiveness to stimuli |
| repeated stimulation results in decreased responsiveness to stimuli | habituation |
| recovering from habituation called | spontaneous recovery |
| spontaneous recovery | recovery of lost responsiveness to stimuli over time |
| pavlovian conditioning known as | classical conditioning |
| classical conditioning aka | pavlovian conditioning |
| response learned thru Pavlovian conditioning refered to as | conditioned reflex |
| conditioned reflex | classical conditioning |
| dog drooling at smell of food eg of | innate reflex |
| after associating sound of bell to food, a dog salivates at the sound of bell alone. this is an eg of | conditioned reflex |
| operant conditioning | reward or reinforcement |
| reward or reinforcement conditioning aka | operant conditioning |
| pavlovian conditioning involves | associating neutral stimulus to a stimuli that is capable of triggering the response. ie. establishment of a new reflex |
| gradual elimination of response to stimuli due to lack of reinforcement | extinction |
| recovery of conditioned response after extinction called | spontaneous recovery |
| if light is not present during ___ visual effectors will not be developed properly. this is an eg of __ | visual critical period, critical period. |
| the heirarchy among members of the same species | pecking order |
| eg of autotrophic aerobes | plants, autotrophic aerobes (glucose is synthesized + oxidative phosphorylation) |
| eg of autotrophic anaerobes | chemosynthetic bacteria, (glucose synthesized + no O2 required to survive) |
| a group of cells with related function | tissue |
| a group of organs with relatied function | organ system |
| types of hormone | peptide, steroid, tyrosine derived |
| euk, prok ribosomes | euk - 80S, prok - 70S |
| mutualism | relation in which both organisms benefit |
| symbiosis | mutualisitic, parasitic, commensal relationships |
| sperm has flagella or cilia | flagella |
| atrial natiuretic peptide | lowers blood volume |
| trypsin and chymotrypsin eg of __ enzyme which _ | protease, degrade peptide |
| eg of hormones derived from tyrosine | thyroid, E, NE |
| post trans modif of proteins occurs in | golgi |
| prokaryotes have/lack chloroplast | lack |
| auxin | plant hormone responsible for tendency of plant to bend towrds light |
| plant hormone responsible for tendency of plant to bend towrds light | auxin |
| heart from endo/ecto/meso | meso |
| pollen | male gametophyte |
| ferns in __ phylum | pterophyte |
| pterophyte includes | ferns |
| stomach digests/not digest protein | digest |
| stomach digests/not digest carbs | doesn't digest |
| amoeba in __ phylum | protista |
| paramecium in__ phylum | protista |
| paramecium has what kind of digestive system | none |
| protista has what kind of digestive system | none |
| annelids have what kind of digestive system | one-way, mouth and anus |
| RNA has same seq base as __ of DNA | sense strand |
| transcription starts at sense/anti-sense strand | anti-sense |
| light rxn occurs in | thylakoid |
| dark rxn aka, occurs in | calvin cycle, stroma |
| during light rxn what happens? | light E -> NADPT + ATP + O2 |
| during calvin cycle what happens | CO2 incorporated to make G3P |
| Bacteria has how many origin of DNA replication | 1 |
| eukaryotes have how many origin of DNA replication | many |
| helicase | unwind DNA at replic fork |
| unwind DNA at replic fork | helicase |
| topoisomerase | release tension during unwinding |
| release tension during unwinding | topoisomerase |
| promotor | specific seq of DNA where RNA poly. attaches to start transcription |
| specific seq of DNA where RNA poly. attaches to start transcription | promotor |
| monocot has how many cotyledon | 1 |
| parallel leaf vein | monocot |
| net-like leaf vein | dicot |
| dicot has how many cotyledon | 2 |
| __ have determinate cell cleavage | protostome |
| __ have indeterminate cell cleavage | deutrostome |
| seed plants | gymnosperm @ angiosperm |
| modified apical meristem | flower |
| __ give a rise to fruit | ovary |
| T or F plastids are organelles that produce food | T, eg. gluc. made in chloroplast via photosynthesis |
| ecosystem | functional unit, comprising biotic and abiotic components |
| entropy: disordering of universe T or F | F. it is a measure of unusuable energy |
| PGA -> PGAL during | dark rxn |
| CO2 in water is acidic/basic | acidic (produce H2CO3 -> H+ + HCO3-) |
| immune cells don't attack cells of its own body b/c | body eliminates immune cells that react to self. |
| __ develops into placenta | allantois |
| __ region of kidney has the lowest solute conc't | cortex |
Created by:
honghee
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