Cardiovascular and Lymphatic System terminology
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| Cardiovascular System | Blood circulates the Cardiovascular System and is made of the hear and blood vessels
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| The cardiovasular system delivers __ and ___ to all cells and carries away ______ ______. | oxygen, nutrients, waste products
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| Lymphatic System | drains fluid and proteins left in tissues and returns them to vessels. It also help with digestion and immunity.
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| Heart | located between the lungs
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| The hearts lower point is called | apex
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| Apex points toward the | inferior and left
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| Pericardium | a fibrous sac containing the heart. Anchors the heart to the surrounding structures.
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| Atrium | An entrance chamber, one of the two upper receiving chambers of the heart (root atri/o) (plural: atria)
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| Ventricle | Each of the lower pumping chambers (plural, ventricles)
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| Septum | A wall dividing two chambers, such as the chambers of the heart.
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| Pulmonary circuit | The side of the heart blood is pumped to the lungs to be oxygenated
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| Systemic Circuit | The left side of the heart through which the blood is pumped to the remainder of the body.
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| Endocardium | thing membrane that lines the chambers and vlves (prefix endo- means "withing"
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| Myocardium | the thick muscle layer that makes up most of the heart wall (the root my/o means "muscle")
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| Epicardium | a thin membrane that covers the heart (the prefix epi-means "on")
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| superior vena cava and inferior vena cava | The right atrium receives blood low in oxygen, or deoxgenated, from all body tissues through the ____ and ____.
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| Aorta | Boods enters the left ventricle and is forcefully pumped intothe _____ to be distributed to all tissues.
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| Valves | One-way ____ in the heart keep blood moving in a forward direction
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| functional murmur | any sound made as the heart functions normally
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| murmur used alone | describes an abnormal sound when regarding the heart.
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| Sinoatrial (SA) node | located in the upper right atrium and calle the pacemaker because it sets the rate of the heartbeat
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| bundle branches, | left and right ____ ___ which travel along the left and right sides of the septum
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| systole | each contraction of the heart
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| eponym | is a name that is based on the name of person, usually the one who discovered a particular structure, disease, principle, or procedure.
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| Vascular System consists of: | Arteries, Arterioles, Capillaries, Venules, Veins
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| Arteries | carry blood away from the heart
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| Venules | small vessels that receive blood from the capillaries and drain into the veins
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| Veins | carry blood back to the heart.
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| sphygmomanometer | blood pressure cuff
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| aortic valve | The valve at the entrance to the aorta
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| Arteriole | A small vessel that carries blood from the arteries into the capillaries (root: arteriol/o)
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| Atrioventricular (AV) node | A small mass in the lower septum of the right atrium that passes impluses from the sinoatrial (SA) node toward the ventricles
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| AV bundle (Bundle of His) | a band of fibers that transmit impulses from the artioventricular (AV) node to the top of the interventricular septum. It divides into the right and left bundle branches, which descend along the two sides of the septum; the bundle of His.
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| capillary /capillaries | A microscopic blood vessel through which materials are exhanged between the blood and the tissue.
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| diastole | The relaxation phase of the hearbeat cycle when the chamber fills with blood; adjective, diastolic
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| inferior vena cava | Tjhe large inferior vein that brings bood back to the right atrium of the heart from the lower part of the body
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| Pulmonary valve | The valve at the entrance to the pulmonary artery
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| percardium | The fibrous sac that surrounds the heart
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| myocardium | The thick middle layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle.
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| mitral valve | The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle; the left AV valve or biscuspid valve.
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| sinoatrial (SA) node | A small mass in the upper part of the right atrium that initiates the impulsew for each heartbeat; the pacemaker.
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| superior vena cave | the large superior vein that brings deoxgenated blood back to the right atrium from the upper part of the body.
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| ROOT cardi/o | MEANING heart EXAMPLE cardiomyopathy - any disease of the heart muscle
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| ROOT atri/o | MEANING atrium EXAMPLE interatrial - between the atria
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| ROOT ventricul/o | MEANING cavity, ventricle EXAMPLE ventriculotomy - surgical incision of a ventricle
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| ROOT valv/o, valvul/o | MEANING valve EXAMPLE valvuloplasty - plastic repair of a valve
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| cardiogenic | originating in the heart
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| valvulotome | an instrument for incising a valve.
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| Adjective for atrium | ateriole
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| cardiomegaly | enlargement of the heart
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| ROOT angi/o | MEANING vessel EXAMPLE angiogram - x-ray image (radiograph) of a vessel
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| ROOT phleb/o | MEANING vein EXAMPLE phlebotomy - incision of a vein to withdraw blood
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| Vasospasm | sudden contraction of a vessel
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| ROOT vas/o, vascul/o | MEANING vessel, duct EXAMPLE vasoconstriction - narrowing of a blood vessel
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| Angioedema | localized swelling caused by changes in vessels
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| angiitis (note spelling) | inflammation of a blood vessel or lymph duct
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| vasculitis | Inflammation of a vessel of the body
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| valvuloplasty | plastic repair of a valve
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| arteriorrhexis | rupture of an artery
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| arteriotomy | incision of an artery
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| CAD | Coronary Artery Disease
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| Creatine Kinase (CK) | an enzyme normal to muscle cells
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| How is a MI diagnosed? | electrocardiogrphy and assays for specific substances in the blood.
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| Congenital Defect | any defect that is present at birth
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| aneurysm | a localized abnormal dilation of blood vessel, usually an atery, caused by weakness of the vessel wall; may eventually burst
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| angina pectoris | a felling of constriciton around the heart or pain that may readiate to the left arm or shoulder, usually brought on by exertion; caused by insufficient blood supply to the heart
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| arrhythmia | any abnormality in the rate or rhythm of the heartbeat (literally "without rhythm"; note double r). Also called dysrhythmia
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| atherosclerosis | the development of fatty fibrous patches (plaques) in the lining of arteries, causing narrowing of the lumen and hardening of the vessel wall. most common hardening of the arteries. Root ather/o means "porridge" or "gruel."
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| vradycardia | a slow heart reate, of less than 60 beats per minute
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| cerebrovascular accident (CVA) | Sudden damage to the brain resulting from reduction of blood flow. Causes include atherosclerosis, emblolism, thrombosis, or hemorrhage from a ruptured aneurysm; commonly called stroke.
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| cyanosis | Blue discoloration of the skin cuased by lack of oxygen
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| diaphoresis | profuse sweating
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| dyspnea | difficult or labored breathing (-pnea)
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| embolism | obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood clot or other matter carried in the circulation
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| embolus | a mass carried in the circulation. Usually a blood clot, but also may be air fat, bacteria, or other solid matter from within or from outside the body.
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| heart failure | a condition caused by the inability of the heart to maintain adequate circulation of blood.
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| ischemia | local deficiency of blood supply caused by obstruction of the circulation (root: hem/o) plaque
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| murmur | an abnormal heart sound
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| myocardial infarction (MI) | localized necrosis (death) of cardiac muscle tissue resulting from blockage or narrowing of the ccoronary artery that supplies that area. Myocardial infarction is usally caused by formation of a thombus (clot) in a vessel.
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| patent ductus arteriosus | Persistence of the ductus arteriosus after birth. The ductus arteriosus is a vessel that connects the pulmonary artery to the descending aorta in the fetus to bypass the lungs
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| phlebitis | inflammation of a vein
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| rhematic heart disease | Damage to heart valves after infection with a type of strptococcus (group A hemolytic streptococcus). The antibodies produced in response to the infection produce scarring of the valves, usually the mitral valve
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| septal defect | An opening in the septum between the atria or ventricles; a common cause is persistence of the foramen oval, an opening between the atria that bypasses the lungs in fetal circulation.
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| stenosis | Constriction or narrowing of an opening
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| tachycardia | an abnormally rapid heart reate, usually over 100 beats per minute.
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| thrombosis | development of a blood clot within a vessel
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| thrombus | a blood clot that forms within a blood vessel (root; thrombi/o)
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| varicose vein | A twisted and swollen vein resulting from breakdown of the valves, pooling of blood, and chronic dilation of the vessel (root: varic/o; also called varix or varicosity.
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| coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) | Surgical creation of a shunt to bypass a blocked coronary artery. The aorta is connected to a point past the obstruction with another vessel or a piece of another vessel, usually the left internal mammary artery or part of the leg's saphenous vein.
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| lymph | The thin plasmalike fluid that drains from the tissues and is transported in lymphatic vessels (root: lymph/o)
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| lymphatic system | The system that drains fluid and proteins from the tissues and returns them to the bloodstream. This system also particpates in immunity and aids in absorption of fats from the digestive tract
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| right lymphatic duct | The ymphatic duct that drains fluid from the upper fright side of the body.
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| thoracic duct | The lymphatic duct that drains fluid from the upper left side of the body and all of the lower portion of the body.
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| ROOT lymph/o | MEANING lymph, lymphatic system EXAMPLE Lymphoid - resembling lymph or lymphatic tissue
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| ROOT splen/o | MEANING spleen EXAMPLE splenalgia - pain in the spleen
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| Lymphedema | swelling caused by obstruction of the flow of lymph.
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| What is the root of tonsillectomy and the meaning of the root? | tonsill/o tonsil
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| lymphadenopathy | any disease of the lymph nodes
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| splenomegaly | Enlargement of the spleen
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| tonsillitis | inflammation of a tonsil
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| bruit | An abnormal sound heard in auscultation (listening)
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| extrasystole | Premature contraction of the heart that occurs separately from the normal beat and originates from a part of the heart other than the SA node.
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| phonocardiography | electronic recording of hear sounds
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| beta-adrenergic blocking agent | Drug that decreases the rate and strength of heart contractions
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| calcium-channel blocker | drug that controls the rate and force of heart contraction by regulating calcium entrance into the cells
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| digitalis | A drug that slows and strenthens heart muscle contractions
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| nitroglycern | A drug used in the treatment of angina pectoris to dilate coronary vessels.
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| vasodilator | A drug the widens blood vessels and improves blood flow.
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| BP | BloodPresure
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| ECG (EKG) | Electocardiogram
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| HTN | Hpertension
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| MI | Myocardial inarction
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| syncope | fainting
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| ischemia | local death of a tissue
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| aneurysm | localized dilation of a vessel
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| myocarditis | inflammation of the heart muscle
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| ventricles | Each lower pumping chamber of the heart
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| myocardium | The heart muscle
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| left atrium | Blood returning to the heart from the lungs enters this chamber
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| varicoid | pertains to a
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| bradycardia | lower-than average heart rate
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| Left ventricle | pumps blood into the aorta
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| arteriorrhaphy | suture of an artery
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| aortagram | radiography of the aorta
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| adjective form of sclerosis | sclerotic
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| plural form of varix | varices
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| Telangiectasia | Permanent dilation of small blood vessels causing small, local red lessions (tel-) end, (angi/o) vessel, (-ectasia) dilation
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