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10/02

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Question
Answer
show A Mammary glands are located in the subcutaneous tissue, and they do NOT have a capsule  
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show A At the level of the 4th intercostal space  
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Q The female breast extends roughly from the lateral border of the sternum to what point laterally?   show
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Q The vertical borders of the breast are roughly ribs 2 and 6, depending on age and structure (so really those numbers mean nothing). What else is located at the rib 2 level?   show
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Q 2/3 of the breast lays over the pec major. Where does the other 1/3 rest?   show
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Q Internal to the female breast there is a potential space made up of CT to allow some movement. What is this space called?   show
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show A suspensory ligaments of Cooper, which are skin ligaments. These are more developed in the sup portion of the breast.  
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show A They are modified sweat glands. Also present are sebaceous glands of montgomery that secrete oil for lubrication.  
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show A Each lobule drains into a lactiferous duct  
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show A LActiferous sinus, found just beneath the surface. Note: There is one sinus per duct  
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show A The nipple is circular smooth m., and there is no fat, hair, or sweat glands present here; only small fissures to mark the openings of the lactiferous ducts.  
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show A medial mammary branches of the internal thoracic artery, and lateral mammary branches of the lateral thoracic artery (this is 2-3 times larger)  
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show A The pos. intercostal arteries supply blood to the lateral thoracic wall. These have lateral mammary branches that reach the breast.  
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show A The internal thoracic artery branches into ant intercostal arteries. These have perforating branches called "medial mammary branches" which supply blood to the breast.  
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show A lateral thoracic artery. This is where the lateral mammary branches split off on their way to the breast.  
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show A The int. thoracic artery is a branch of the subclavian artery, which travels parallel to the sternum, pos. to the ribs.  
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show A IT becomes the sup. epigastric artery, and branches laterally into the musculophrenic artery.  
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show A Vena communicantes are 2-3 veins that wrap around an artery in web-like formation. This may be to take advantage of the constriction/dilation of the artery to promote flow through the vein as well.  
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Q Breast cancer almost always becomes proliferative where?   show
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show A intercostal nn. 4-6  
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show A on the ant sternum, sup 6 costal cartilages, and the aponeurosis of the ext oblique m.  
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show A major = lat/med pectoral n., minor = medial pectoral n.  
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Q What is significant about the medial pectoral n.?   show
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Q The sternocostal head of the pec major by itself would extend the humerous from a flexed position. What would the clavicular head accomplish on its own?   show
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Q To what mm. does the thoracoacromial artery supply blood?   show
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Q What is the origin of the pec minor?   show
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Q What mm. draws the scapula anterior AND inferior?   show
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Q What mm. acts as an antagonist to the traps/scm on the clavicle?   show
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show A subclavius  
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show A Yes, it is from the thoracoacromial artery, BUT it comes from the clavicular branch as opposed to the pectoral branch.  
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show A serr. ant.  
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Q What is the innervation of the serr. ant.? What is unusual about the travel of this n.?   show
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show A serr. ant.  
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show A lat. thoracic artery  
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Q What mm. were found on the internal surface of the lower sternum when you cut through to the thoracic cavity in gross lab?   show
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show A depress the ribs for forced exhalation  
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Q The pericardium is a double walled "fibroserous" sac. What are the two ligaments coming off of this sac?   show
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Q How/where does the pericardium attach to the heart?   show
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Q What are the two parts of the pericardium?   show
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show A The epicardium  
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show A it limits overfilling  
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Q Where are the phrenic nn. and the pericardiacophrenic vessels found in relation to the heart?   show
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show A ***Pos. to aorta/pulmonary trunk, and ant. to sup ven cav  
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show A Medial = R sup/inf pulmonary veins, Lateral = L sup/inf pulmonary veins.  
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