10/02
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| Q Where are mammary glands located? Do they have a capsule? | show 🗑
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| Q Where is the areola located in relation to underlying structures? | show 🗑
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| Q The female breast extends roughly from the lateral border of the sternum to what point laterally? | show 🗑
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| Q The vertical borders of the breast are roughly ribs 2 and 6, depending on age and structure (so really those numbers mean nothing). What else is located at the rib 2 level? | show 🗑
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| show | A Don't forget the tail of the breast that extends under the arm. The lat 1/3 of the breast rests on the serratus ant.
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| show | A Retromammary space/bursa
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| show | A suspensory ligaments of Cooper, which are skin ligaments. These are more developed in the sup portion of the breast.
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| show | A They are modified sweat glands. Also present are sebaceous glands of montgomery that secrete oil for lubrication.
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| Q There are 15-20 lobules per gland in the female breast. What drains each lobule? | show 🗑
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| Q What is the wide spot in the lactferous duct called, and where is it found? | show 🗑
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| Q What is the nipple composed of? Are any other structures or marks present on the nipple? | show 🗑
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| show | A medial mammary branches of the internal thoracic artery, and lateral mammary branches of the lateral thoracic artery (this is 2-3 times larger)
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| Q If for some reason blood supply to the breast from the medial mammary branches was cut off, how would blood have to arrive? | show 🗑
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| Q If blood supply to the breast from the lateral mammary branches were cut off, through what pathway would blood travel to reach the breast? | show 🗑
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| Q What is the major blood supply to the serratus ant m.? | show 🗑
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| Q The internal thoracic artery is important for blood supply to the breast. Where does this vessel come from, and where else does it go? | show 🗑
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| Q Once the int. thoracic artery arrives at the rib 6-7 level, it continues inf. into the rectus sheath as what artery? What branches off laterally from this artery? | show 🗑
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| show | A Vena communicantes are 2-3 veins that wrap around an artery in web-like formation. This may be to take advantage of the constriction/dilation of the artery to promote flow through the vein as well.
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| show | A In the ducts.
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| show | A intercostal nn. 4-6
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| show | A on the ant sternum, sup 6 costal cartilages, and the aponeurosis of the ext oblique m.
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| show | A major = lat/med pectoral n., minor = medial pectoral n.
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| show | A It travels through the pec minor m.
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| show | A flexion of the humerous.
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| show | A To the pec major/minor
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| show | A Ribs 3-5 near costal cartilage
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| show | A pec minor
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| Q What mm. acts as an antagonist to the traps/scm on the clavicle? | show 🗑
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| show | A subclavius
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| Q Is blood supply to the subclavius the same as to the pec major/minor? | show 🗑
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| show | A serr. ant.
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| show | A The long thoracic n. travels on top of the serr. ant (though covered by the lats for the most part), whereas most nn. travel underneath the mm. they innervate.
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| show | A serr. ant.
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| Q What is the blood supply to the serr. ant? | show 🗑
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| Q What mm. were found on the internal surface of the lower sternum when you cut through to the thoracic cavity in gross lab? | show 🗑
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| show | A depress the ribs for forced exhalation
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| Q The pericardium is a double walled "fibroserous" sac. What are the two ligaments coming off of this sac? | show 🗑
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| Q How/where does the pericardium attach to the heart? | show 🗑
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| show | A The serous pericardium which decreases friction during beating, and the fibrous pericardium which is for protection.
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| Q The serous pericardium has a parietal layer fused with the firbrous pericardium, and a visceral layer. What is another name for the visceral layer? | show 🗑
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| Q What is the function of the fibrous pericardium? | show 🗑
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| Q Where are the phrenic nn. and the pericardiacophrenic vessels found in relation to the heart? | show 🗑
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| Q Where is the transverse pericardial sinus located? Specifically, what structures is it behind/in front of? | show 🗑
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| QTher oblique pericardial sinus was palpated in gross lab, from the apex of the heart medial and superior. What are the borders of this sinus medially/laterally? | show 🗑
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