Cardiovascular Respiratory Vital Signs with Abbreves
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| T | temperature: afebrile/elevated=fever/low=hypothermia around 37C-normal; above 37-slight; above 38-moderate; above 39-severe; above 40-dangerous; above 41-fatal
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| P | pulse: volume - weak/normal/bounding or strong; rate - #bpm; rhythm - regular/irregular
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| R | respiration: rate - #breaths/min; rhythm - regular/irregular; depth - shallow/normal/deep
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| BP | blood pressure
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| Ht | height
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| Wt | weight
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| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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| COLD | chronic obstructive lung disease
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| RT | Respiratory Technologist
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| RRCP | Registered Respiratory Care Practitioner
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| Tb | tuberculosis
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| DB&C | deep breathing and coughing
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| ABG | arterial blood gases
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| BMI | body mass index
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| CCU | coronary care unit
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| ICU | intensive care unit
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| CSM | circulation, sensation, movement
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| CVA | cerebrovascular accident
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| SPD | sterile processing unit
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| PFT | pulmonary function test
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| PVA | peripheral vascular assessment
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| PRN, p.r.n. | as required
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| qid, q.i.d. | four times per day
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| qd, q.d. | daily, once per day
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| bid, b.i.d. | twice per day
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| q8h, q12h, q4h | every 8, 12, 4 hours
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| eupnea | good/normal breathing
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| orthopnea | difficult breathing due to position, good breathing only when elevated/upright (straight)
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| dyspnea | difficulty breathing
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| essential (primary) hypertension | idiopathic (cause unknown)
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| secondary hypertension | associated with disease
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| hypotension | consistently under 100/60; caused by heart failure, depression, shock
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| hypertension | consistently about 140/90; caused by obesity, stress, high salt intake, aging
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| celsius to fahrenheit fahrenheit to celsius | multiply by 1.8 and add 32
subtract 32 and divide by 1.8
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| DVT | deep vein thrombosis
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| PVC | premature ventricular contraction
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| HF | heart failure
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| PAC | premature atrial contraction
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| CAD | coronary artery disease
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| SA | sinoatrial node
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| DOE | dyspnea on exertion
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| AAA | abdominal aortic aneurysm
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| BBB | bundle-branch block
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| VT | ventricular tachycardia
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| ACE | angiotensin-converting enzyme
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| MI | myocardial infarct; heart attack; heart damage(tissue death)caused by O2 deficiency; CAD often the cause
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| ECHO | echocardiogram, graph, graphy
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| CHD | coronary heart disease
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| CHF | congestive heart failure
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| ECG/EKG | electrocardiogram, graph, graphy
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| CPR | cardiopulmonary resuscitation
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| CC | cardiac catheterization
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| MRA | magnetic resonance angiogram, graph, graphy
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| arteriosclerosis | hardening of the arteries reducing blood flow
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| atherosclerosis | buildup and hardening of fatty plaque on arterial walls
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| crash cart | mobile cart stocked with supplies needed to treat cardiac arrest/myocardial infarct
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| CVA | cerebrovascular accident; stroke; blood supply to brain is diminished or occluded completely
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| hypertension | excessive force of the blood against the vessel walls as the heart pumps
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| systolic pressure | pressure on the arterial walls when the heart is contracting
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| diastolic pressure | pressure on the arterial walls when the heart is relaxing
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| CHF | congestive heart failure; a weakened heart is unable to pump all of the blood out of the lungs on each beat; blood pools at the bottom of lungs, interfering with breathing
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| arrhythmia | loss of normal rhythm of the heartbeat; irregular heart beat
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| atrial fibrillation | abnormal heart rhythm where atria beat faster than ventricals; fast and irregular
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| pneumonia | acute infection of the tissues of the lung
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| asthma | disease affecting air passages of lungs, wheezing and shortness of breath
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| emphysema | a COPD with gradual destruction of the alveoli, gas exchange compromised and inadequate
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| COLD COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary/lung disease; any chronic lung condition where the flow of expired air is slowed
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| hemorrhage | loss of a large (500cc/adult) amount of blood
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| hypoxia | insufficient oxygen in blood or tissue
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| postural drainage | positioning client with head below body so gravity can help drain mucus and secretions from lungs
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| clapping/percussion | using cupped hands to gently but firmly strike affected regions of the chest to move secretions
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| vibrations | rapid movements of flattened hands over the client's chest to move secretions
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| crackles/crepitation | 'bubbling' lung sounds like heard on auscultation produced by air passing over airway secretions
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| rhonchi/wheezes | 'musically pitched' lung sounds produced by air passing through narrowed bronchi, heard on auscultation
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| pulse oximetry | arterial blood oxygen saturation; normal is 95%; sensor on Pt finger usually
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| thoracocentesis or pleural tap | for diagnostic and/or therapeutic purposes; procedure to remove fluid from pleura and chest wall
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| incentive spirometer | sustained maximal inspiration device; used after surgery to encourage deep breathing exercises; assess efficacy of breathing
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| inhalation therapy | metered dose inhaler, for example
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| oxygen therapy | supplemental oxygen for clients with low O2 levels; from cylinder, wall, portable tank, or oxygen concentrator; mask or nasal prongs
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| tracheostomy | an artificial airway through an incision in the trachea
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| tracheotomy | the incision into the trachea in order to place an artificial airway (tube)
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| suctioning | negative pressure applied to remove mucus, phlegm and other secretions from the airway
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| oropharyngeal suctioning (tube) | catheter through the mouth to suction mouth to back of throat
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| nasopharyngeal suctioning (tube) | catheter through the nose to suction nose, mouth, throat
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| deep suctioning (endotracheal tube) | catheter suctions lower trachea and bronchi
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| endotracheal suctioning (tube) | catheter suctions through the artifical airway (tracheostomy)
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| PVA | peripheral vascular assessment - done when PVD is suspected to determine extent of disease.
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| Telemetry Unit | 'step down' from intensive care; client is fitted with a telemetry monitor which allows for ongoing assessment of cardiac function without confining client to bed.
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| pacemaker | small electronic device that regulates heartbeat with electrical stimulation to the heart
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| bradycardia | extremely slow heartbeat; below 60.
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| apnea | lack of, not, breathing
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| rales | lung sound (like rattles) heard on auscultation; indicates accumulation of fluid in lungs
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| Cheyne-Stokes | abnormal pattern of breathing with progressively deeper and sometimes faster breathing, followed by a gradual decrease that results in apnea; cycle usually takes 30 seconds to 2 mins.; associated with changing serum partial pressures of o2 and co2.
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| idiopathic | without known cause
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| tachypnea | fast breathing
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| afebrile | without elevated temp
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| sublingual | under the tongue
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| bradypnea | slow breathing
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| albumin/o | albumin, protein
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| angi/o | blood, lymph vessel
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| aort/o | aorta
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| arteri/o | artery
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| arteriol/o | arteriole
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| ather/o | fatty plaque
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| atri/o | atrium
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| bilirubin/o | bilirubin
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| cardi/o | heart
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| coron/o | coronary, crown
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| ech/o | sound
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| electr/o | electricity
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| embol/o | plug, embolus
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| erythr/o | red
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| fibrill/o | muscular twitching
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| fibrin/o | fibrin, threads of a clot
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| hem/o | blood
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| hemangi/o | blood vessel
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| hemat/o | blood
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| isch/o | hold back
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| leuk/o | white
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| lip/o | fat
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| lipid/o | fat
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| macr/o | large
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| my/o | muscle
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| phag/o | eating, swallowing
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| phleb/o | vein
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| reticul/o | network
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| scler/o | hardening
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| ser/o | serum
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| sept/o | septum; wall or barrier
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| septi/o | seven
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| septic/o | poison
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| sten/o | narrowing
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| sphygm/o | pulse
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| thromb/o | clot, thrombus
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| valv/o | valve
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| valvul/o | valve
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| vas/o | blood, lymph vessel
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| vascul/o | blood, lymph vessel
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| ven/o | vein
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| ventricul/o | ventricle
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| capill/o | capillary
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| ven/o | veins; venules
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| con- stringere constriction | together
to draw
binding, squeezing, narrowing
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| dilatare | to enlarge
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| heat | warmth of infected tissues compared to surrounding uninfected tissues
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| an- | without, not, less than
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| brady- | slow
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| extra- | outside
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| per- | through
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| pro- | before, in behalf of
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| trans- | across
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| anti- | against
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| epi- | upper
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| endo- | within
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| peri- | around
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| tachy- | fast, rapid
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| -cyte | cell
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| -emia | blood condition
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| -gram | record
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| -graphy | process of recording
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| -oma | tumour
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| -phage | cell that destroys, eats
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| -stasis | stopping, controlling
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| -crasia | mixture, blending
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| -fusion | mixture
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| -desis | binding, fusion
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| -graph | instrument to record
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| -itis | inflammation
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| -penia | deficiency of
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| -spasm | sudden involuntary contraction
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| -stenosis | narrowing, stricture
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| homeostasis | maintaining a stable internal environment
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| alveol/o | air sac; alveolus
alveolar
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| adenoid/o | adenoid
adenoidectomy
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| atel/o | incomplete; imperfect
atelectasis - incomplete expansion of the lung (collapsed lung, airless lung)
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| anthrac/o | black
anthracosis - abnormal condition of coal dust in the lung
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| bronch/o, bronchi/o | brochial tubes
bronchoscope
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| bronchial/o | bronchioles
bronchiolitis
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| cyan/o | blue
cyanosis
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| coni/o | dust
pneumoconiosis - abnormal condition of dust in the lungs
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| hem/o | blood
hemoglobin
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| laryng/o | larynx, voice box
laryngitis
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| lob/o | lobe
lobectomy
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| nas/o | nose
nasal
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| or/o | mouth
oral
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| ox/i, ox/o | oxygen
oximeter
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| oxy- | quick, sharp or oxygen
oxygeusia - abnormally keen sense of taste
oxyrhine - having a sharp pointed nose or an acute sense of smell
oxygenase - enzyme that enables organism to use atmospheric oxygen in respiration
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| olfact/o | smell; sense of smell; olfactory neurons
olfactory
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| orth/o | straight, correct, normal, in proper order
orthopnea - labored breathing while lying flat, improves when sitting or standing
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| pharyng/o | pharynx; throat
pharyngocele - hernia through the pharangeal wall
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| pector/o | chest
pectoriloquy - distinct transmission of vocal sounds during auscultation, over areas of consolidation, pneumothorax and some pleural effusions
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| pneum/o, pneumon/o | lungs, air
pneumothorax - air in chest
pneumonopathy - any diseased condition of the lung
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| pulm/o, pulmon/o | lungs
pulmonary
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| pleur/o | pleura; side of body; rib
pleuracotomy - incision into the pleura through the chest wall
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| phren/o | diaphragm; mind
phrenodynia - pain in the diaphragm
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| phon/o | sound, voice
phonocardiogram
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| rhin/o | nose
rhinoplasty
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| steth/o | chest
stethoscope
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| sphygm/o | pulse
sphygmomanometer
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| sinus/o | sinus, cavity
sinusitis
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| sept/o | septum, wall or barrier
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| spir/o | breathing, breath
spirometer
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| tonsill/o | tonsils
tonsillitis
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| trache/o | trachea; windpipe
tracheostomy
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| thorac/o | chest
thoracograph
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| epiglott/o | epiglottis
epiglottitis
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| a- | without, not, absence of
anoxia
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| brady- | slow
bradycardia
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| dys- | bad; painful; difficult
dyspnea
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| eu- | good; normal
eupnea
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| tachy- | rapid
tachypnea
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| -capnia | carbon dioxide CO2
hypercapnia
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| -meter | instrument to measure
oximeter
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| -pnea | breathing
apnea
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| -phonia | voice
dysphonia
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| -spasm | sudden involuntary contraction; twitching
bronchospasm - as in asthma
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| -ectasis | stretching, dilation, enlargement
bronchiectasis - dilation of one or more bronchi
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| -osmia | smell
anosmia
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| -plegia | paralysis, stroke
laryngoplegia - paralysis of vocal cords and larynx
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| -ptysis | spitting
hemoptysis - spitting up blood
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| -thorax | pleural cavity, chest
pneumothorax - air in chest (pleural cavity)
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| ABG(S) | arterial blood gases
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| ARDS | acute respiratory distress syndrome
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| COPD | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
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| FEV | forced expiratory volume
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| PaCO2, PCO2 | partial pressure of carbon dioxide
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| PFT | pulmonary function test
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| pH | symbol for acidity or alkalinity, potentia hydrogenii (power potential of hydrogen); neutral 7; below 7 acid; above 7 alkaline
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| PO2 | partial pressure of oxygen
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| RD | respiratory distress
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| SIDS/SUDS | Sudden Infant Death Syndrome; Sudden Unexplained Death Syndrome
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| URI | upper respiratory infection
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| VC | vital capacity
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| Hx | history
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| AFB | acid-fast bacillus
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| AP | anteroposterior
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| CO2 | carbon dioxide
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| CXR | chest x-ray, chest radiograph
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| FVC | forced vital capacity
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| HMD | hyaline membrane disease
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| IPPB | intermittent positive-pressure breathing
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| IRDS | infant respiratory distress syndrome
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| NMTs | nebulized mist treatments
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| O2 | oxygen
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| PA | posteroanterior; pernicious anemia
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| PCP | pneumocystic carinii peneumonia
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| PND | paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
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| RDS | respiratory distress syndrome
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| SaO2 | arterial oxygen saturation
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| SOB | shortness of breath
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| T & A | tonsillectomy & adenoidectomy
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| TB | tuberculosis
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| atelectasis | inability of the lung to expand properly
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| bronchiectasis | chronic dilation of a bronchus or bronchi
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| Cheyne-Stokes respirations | breathing characterized by fluctuations in the depth of the respirations (death rattle)
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| compliance | the ease with which lung tissue can be stretched
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| Cystic Fibrosis | hereditary disease of the exocrine glands affecting the respiratory system, pancreas and sweat glands
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| epistaxis | nosebleed
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| hemoptysis | condition of spitting up blood
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| hemothorax | blood in the chest cavity
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| histamines | body substances that dilate blood vessels, causing swelling and inflammation in nasal passages
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| hypercapnia | condition of increased amount of CO2 in blood
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| mediastinum | space between the right and left lung, which contains the heart, aorta, esophagus, and the bronchi
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| nasopharynx | throat above the soft palate, behind the nose
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| pneumonconiosis | abnormal condition of dust in the lungs
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| sputum | abnormal viscous fluid formed in the lower respiratory tract that often contains blood, pus, bacteria
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| tonsillotome | instrument to cut tonsils
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| surfactant | substance that decreases surface tension in the alveoli allowing expansion
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| Forced Expiratory Volume FEV | max amount of air that can be expelled after max inspiration
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| Tidal Volume TV | amount of air that moves in and out during normal breathing
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| -lysis | separation; destruction; loosening
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Created by:
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