Human A&P Final Exam
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| Accessory nerve | swallowing; pectoral girdle movement.
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| Afferent arterioles | branches from the renal artery that lead to the glomerulus.
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| Alveolar sacs | microscopic sacs found at the ends of alveolar ducts; site of CO2/O2 exchange in lungs.
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| Astrocytes | most abundant & functionally diverse of the neuroglia.
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| Axon | long thin extension that sends impulses to another neuron.
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| Blood | most important biological suspension; composed of solid & liquid part.
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| Bronchioles | passageway of air from trachea to alveoli.
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| Calyces | 1st branch of renal pelvis; collects & carries newly formed urine from kidneys to renal pelvis.
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| Celiac trunk | includes the gastric, splenic, & hepatic vessels.
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| Cell body | (of a neuron) contains a nucleus with prominent nucleolus.
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| Cerebellum | “little brain”; oversees postural muscles.
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| Chemotaxis | an attraction to a specific chemical.
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| Choroid plexus | where cerebrospinal fluid is produced.
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| Clot | clotting factors & proteins in blood form a solid fibrin clot to permanently seal the break & stop blood flowing out of it.
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| Collecting duct | collects newly formed urine & carries it from the cortex through the medulla to the calyx.
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| Columns | groups of white matter tracts in the spinal cord.
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| Dendrites | receives neural impulses & conducts them toward the cell body.
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| Diapedesis | ability to move through vessel walls.
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| Diaphragm | broad flat muscle that functions in inhalation & exhalation.
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| Diastolic pressure | measure of arterial pressure when left ventricle is at rest.
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| Diencephalon | the switching & relay center.
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| Efferent arterioles | where blood leaves the glomerulus.
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| Endoneurium | surrounds individual fibers within a nerve.
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| Ependymal cells | line the ventricles (spaces filled with cerebrospinal fluid).
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| Epineurium | surrounds the entire nerve or groups of nerves.
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| Epithalamus | consists of the pineal gland & habenular nuclei.
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| Erythropoiesis | process of making red blood cells.
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| Facial nerve | face, scalp, tongue sensation/movement.
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| Filtration | movement of fluid & dissolved molecules by filtration pressure from the blood through the glomerulus in the bowman’s capsule.
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| Formed elements | solid part of blood.
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| Gastric vessels | supply the stomach.
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| Glomerulus | capillary network tucked into the bowman’s capsule.
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| Glossopharyngeal nerve | taste & swallowing
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| Gray matter | groups of unmyelinated axons from many cell bodies.
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| Hematopoiesis | red blood cell production in the red bone marrow.
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| Hemoglobin | iron protein found in red blood cells to which oxygen binds.
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| Hepatic portal system | directs blood from other digestive organs to the liver before blood returns to the heart.
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| Hepatic vessels | supply the liver.
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| Hilum | found on the concave margin of each kidney; site where the hepatic vessels & ureter join the kidney.
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| Horns | section of spinal cord where gray matter is located.
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| Hypoglossal nerve | tongue movement.
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| Iliac vessels | supply the pelvis & lower limbs.
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| Internodes | segments of myelin sheath between nodes.
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| Kidney | filters toxin from blood & creates urine.
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| Limbic system | establishes emotions & related drives.
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| Lymph | fluid left in the tissues surrounding the capillaries.
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| Medulla oblongata | relay sensory information.
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| Meninges | layers that surround & protect the brain & spinal cord.
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| Microglia | phagocytic cells that engulf & destroy microbes & cellular debris.
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| Micturition | act of emptying the bladder.
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| Midbrain | processes visual & auditory info & generates involuntary movements.
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| Nephron | functional subunits of the kidney.
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| Neuroglia | support & protect neurons.
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| Neurolemma | sheath of schwann cells.
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| Neuron | specialized for nerve impulse conduction.
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| Neurotransmitters | chemicals that conduct nerve impulses across a synaptic gap.
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| Nissl bodies | rough ER formed into large bodies inside a neuron.
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| Nodes of ranvier | gaps in the myelin sheath.
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| Olfactory nerve | sense of smell.
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| Oligodendrocytes | form myelin sheath around CNS neurons.
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| Optic nerve | sense of vision.
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| Parasympathetic nervous system | controls processes that conserve energy.
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| Perineurium | surrounds a group of nerve fibers.
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| Peripheral nervous system | consists of all nerves extending from the brain & spinal cord.
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| Phrenic vessels | supply the diaphragm.
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| Plasma | dissolved proteins & water.
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| Plug | platelets rush to the site of a cut and stick together, forming a barrier to prevent blood flowing out.
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| Pons | links the cerebrum to the cerebellum.
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| Proximal convoluted tubules | 1st segment of the renal tubule; descends into a renal pyramid in the medulla.
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| Pulmonary artery | carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs.
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| Pulmonary vein | carries oxygenated blood from lugs to heart.
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| Reabsorption | movement of mostly water from the filtrate in the renal tubules back into the bloodstream.
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| Reflex | automatic involuntary motor response to specific stimulus.
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| Renal columns | extend between renal pyramids.
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| Renal pyramids | 8 to 10 cone-shaped structures within the renal medulla whose tip are surrounded by the calyx.
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| Renal sinus | internal space where the hilum opens.
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| Renal vessels | supply the kidneys.
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| Satellite cells | surround the neuron cell bodies in ganglia.
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| Schwann cells | myelin sheath around a single axon in the PNS.
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| Secretion | movement of excess ions & other molecules from blood stream into renal tubules.
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| Spinal cord | relays info to and from the brain.
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| Splenic vessels | supply the spleen
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| Sympathetic nervous system | controls processes that expend energy.
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| Systolic pressure | measure o arterial pressure when left ventricle contracts.
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| Tunica externa | outermost layer that anchors blood vessels.
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| Tunica interna | innermost layer dominated by elastic fibers.
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| Tunica media | middle layer composed of smooth muscle; controls increasing & decreasing of vessel diameter.
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| Turbulence | disruption o the normal flow pattern in which blood flows faster in the middle of veins that along the walls of veins.
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| Ureter | carries urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder
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| Urethra | drains urine from urinary bladder & transports it out of the body.
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| Urinary bladder | temporarily stores urine
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| Vagus nerve | autonomic control of viscera
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| Valves | prevent backward flow of blood.
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| Varicose veins | bulging of vein above valves from excess blood pressure.
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| Vascular resistance | friction between blood vessels & blood as blood flows.
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| Vasoconstriction | when an injury occurs that breaks a blood vessel, and the vessel narrows to slow down the blood from flowing out.
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| Vestibulocochlear nerve | hearing & balance.
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| Viscosity | refers to the thickness of a liquid.
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| White matter | group of myelinated axons from many cell bodies.
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| Whole blood | plasma & formed elements together.
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