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A&P Final Exam 2012
Human A&P Final Exam
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Accessory nerve | swallowing; pectoral girdle movement. |
| Afferent arterioles | branches from the renal artery that lead to the glomerulus. |
| Alveolar sacs | microscopic sacs found at the ends of alveolar ducts; site of CO2/O2 exchange in lungs. |
| Astrocytes | most abundant & functionally diverse of the neuroglia. |
| Axon | long thin extension that sends impulses to another neuron. |
| Blood | most important biological suspension; composed of solid & liquid part. |
| Bronchioles | passageway of air from trachea to alveoli. |
| Calyces | 1st branch of renal pelvis; collects & carries newly formed urine from kidneys to renal pelvis. |
| Celiac trunk | includes the gastric, splenic, & hepatic vessels. |
| Cell body | (of a neuron) contains a nucleus with prominent nucleolus. |
| Cerebellum | “little brain”; oversees postural muscles. |
| Chemotaxis | an attraction to a specific chemical. |
| Choroid plexus | where cerebrospinal fluid is produced. |
| Clot | clotting factors & proteins in blood form a solid fibrin clot to permanently seal the break & stop blood flowing out of it. |
| Collecting duct | collects newly formed urine & carries it from the cortex through the medulla to the calyx. |
| Columns | groups of white matter tracts in the spinal cord. |
| Dendrites | receives neural impulses & conducts them toward the cell body. |
| Diapedesis | ability to move through vessel walls. |
| Diaphragm | broad flat muscle that functions in inhalation & exhalation. |
| Diastolic pressure | measure of arterial pressure when left ventricle is at rest. |
| Diencephalon | the switching & relay center. |
| Efferent arterioles | where blood leaves the glomerulus. |
| Endoneurium | surrounds individual fibers within a nerve. |
| Ependymal cells | line the ventricles (spaces filled with cerebrospinal fluid). |
| Epineurium | surrounds the entire nerve or groups of nerves. |
| Epithalamus | consists of the pineal gland & habenular nuclei. |
| Erythropoiesis | process of making red blood cells. |
| Facial nerve | face, scalp, tongue sensation/movement. |
| Filtration | movement of fluid & dissolved molecules by filtration pressure from the blood through the glomerulus in the bowman’s capsule. |
| Formed elements | solid part of blood. |
| Gastric vessels | supply the stomach. |
| Glomerulus | capillary network tucked into the bowman’s capsule. |
| Glossopharyngeal nerve | taste & swallowing |
| Gray matter | groups of unmyelinated axons from many cell bodies. |
| Hematopoiesis | red blood cell production in the red bone marrow. |
| Hemoglobin | iron protein found in red blood cells to which oxygen binds. |
| Hepatic portal system | directs blood from other digestive organs to the liver before blood returns to the heart. |
| Hepatic vessels | supply the liver. |
| Hilum | found on the concave margin of each kidney; site where the hepatic vessels & ureter join the kidney. |
| Horns | section of spinal cord where gray matter is located. |
| Hypoglossal nerve | tongue movement. |
| Iliac vessels | supply the pelvis & lower limbs. |
| Internodes | segments of myelin sheath between nodes. |
| Kidney | filters toxin from blood & creates urine. |
| Limbic system | establishes emotions & related drives. |
| Lymph | fluid left in the tissues surrounding the capillaries. |
| Medulla oblongata | relay sensory information. |
| Meninges | layers that surround & protect the brain & spinal cord. |
| Microglia | phagocytic cells that engulf & destroy microbes & cellular debris. |
| Micturition | act of emptying the bladder. |
| Midbrain | processes visual & auditory info & generates involuntary movements. |
| Nephron | functional subunits of the kidney. |
| Neuroglia | support & protect neurons. |
| Neurolemma | sheath of schwann cells. |
| Neuron | specialized for nerve impulse conduction. |
| Neurotransmitters | chemicals that conduct nerve impulses across a synaptic gap. |
| Nissl bodies | rough ER formed into large bodies inside a neuron. |
| Nodes of ranvier | gaps in the myelin sheath. |
| Olfactory nerve | sense of smell. |
| Oligodendrocytes | form myelin sheath around CNS neurons. |
| Optic nerve | sense of vision. |
| Parasympathetic nervous system | controls processes that conserve energy. |
| Perineurium | surrounds a group of nerve fibers. |
| Peripheral nervous system | consists of all nerves extending from the brain & spinal cord. |
| Phrenic vessels | supply the diaphragm. |
| Plasma | dissolved proteins & water. |
| Plug | platelets rush to the site of a cut and stick together, forming a barrier to prevent blood flowing out. |
| Pons | links the cerebrum to the cerebellum. |
| Proximal convoluted tubules | 1st segment of the renal tubule; descends into a renal pyramid in the medulla. |
| Pulmonary artery | carries deoxygenated blood from heart to lungs. |
| Pulmonary vein | carries oxygenated blood from lugs to heart. |
| Reabsorption | movement of mostly water from the filtrate in the renal tubules back into the bloodstream. |
| Reflex | automatic involuntary motor response to specific stimulus. |
| Renal columns | extend between renal pyramids. |
| Renal pyramids | 8 to 10 cone-shaped structures within the renal medulla whose tip are surrounded by the calyx. |
| Renal sinus | internal space where the hilum opens. |
| Renal vessels | supply the kidneys. |
| Satellite cells | surround the neuron cell bodies in ganglia. |
| Schwann cells | myelin sheath around a single axon in the PNS. |
| Secretion | movement of excess ions & other molecules from blood stream into renal tubules. |
| Spinal cord | relays info to and from the brain. |
| Splenic vessels | supply the spleen |
| Sympathetic nervous system | controls processes that expend energy. |
| Systolic pressure | measure o arterial pressure when left ventricle contracts. |
| Tunica externa | outermost layer that anchors blood vessels. |
| Tunica interna | innermost layer dominated by elastic fibers. |
| Tunica media | middle layer composed of smooth muscle; controls increasing & decreasing of vessel diameter. |
| Turbulence | disruption o the normal flow pattern in which blood flows faster in the middle of veins that along the walls of veins. |
| Ureter | carries urine from renal pelvis to urinary bladder |
| Urethra | drains urine from urinary bladder & transports it out of the body. |
| Urinary bladder | temporarily stores urine |
| Vagus nerve | autonomic control of viscera |
| Valves | prevent backward flow of blood. |
| Varicose veins | bulging of vein above valves from excess blood pressure. |
| Vascular resistance | friction between blood vessels & blood as blood flows. |
| Vasoconstriction | when an injury occurs that breaks a blood vessel, and the vessel narrows to slow down the blood from flowing out. |
| Vestibulocochlear nerve | hearing & balance. |
| Viscosity | refers to the thickness of a liquid. |
| White matter | group of myelinated axons from many cell bodies. |
| Whole blood | plasma & formed elements together. |
Created by:
brandon_kyle10
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