Anatomy
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| What do sensory receptors change senstory stimuli into | Nerve Signals
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| What do the components of the brain interact to do? | Receive sensory input
Integrate and Store info
Transmit Motor Responses
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| Sensation | Conscious or Unconscious awareness of external or Internal Stimuli
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| Superficial Sensation | AKA Ecteroreceptive Sensation
Includes Touch, Pain, Temperature from the surface of the body
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| Deep Sensation | Includes muscle fascia, bone and joint pain, vibration, pressure and propicoeption
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| General Senses | Touch, Pain, Itch, Tickle, Vibration and Pressure
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| Special Senses | Vision, Smell, Taste hearing and equilibrium
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| 4 components to perceive a sensation | 1. Stimulation of the reception filed
2. Transduction of the stimulus
3. Impulse Generation and Conduction
4.Integration of Sensroy input
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| Stimulation of the receptive field (1) | With approrpriate quality and strength will cause the sensory neuron to initiate a nerve impulse
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| Transduction of the stimulius (2) | conversion
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| Impulse Generation and Conduction (3) | From PNS - CNS
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| 1ST order neuron | conducts impulse from spmatoreceptros from brain to spinal cord
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| 2ND Order Neruon | Conducts impulse from somatosensoryreceptros to thalmus
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| 3RD order Neuron | Conducts impulse from thalamus to somatosenroy cortex, where conscious perception of sensation is located (3 synapses)
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| Free Nerve Endings | found everywhere in the body
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| Encapsulated Nerve Endingds | Found in non hairy parts of the skin
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| Separate Cells | located in sense organs ex. eyes ears
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| Exterorecetors | receptors to general and special sense , located on the surface of the body
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| Interoreceptors | located in the blood
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| Propireceptors | Located in muscles tendons joints stimulated by movement
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| Thermoreceptors | Detect cahnge in temperature
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| nocireceptors | detect chemical/physical damage to tissue
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| pHOTORECEPTROS | DETECT light on retina
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| Chemoreceptros | Detect taste in mouth
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| Tactile Sensation | stimulation of receptors in skin tissues right beneath the skin
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| Vibration | caused by rapid repetitive sensory signals
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| Itch/Tickle | from receptors in superficial layer by release of bradykimin
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| Messiners Corpuscles | encapsulated nerve endings that elicit large myelinated sensory nerve fibers
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| Merkels Disk | Flattened dendrites of sensory neurons
Allows you to determine continuous touch against skin
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| Ruffini's End Organ | Deep layers of dermis/ fast adapting
-determines heavy continuous touch and pressure
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| Lamellated | -Stimulated by rapid tissue movement
-Detects vibrations and other extreme changes
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| Crude Touch | knowing something has touched the skin
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| Fine TOuch | Ability to recgonize exact location, shape size and texture of stimulus
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| What is the only sensation you can elicit on yourself | Tickle
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| An itch sensation alerts attention to a _____ stimulus on the skin surface, which -elicts the ____ reflex to rid the irritant | 1. Mild
2. Scratch
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| If the scratch reflex is strong what receptors are stimulated? | Pain
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| Phantom Pain | Sensation of pain in an amoutated limb --> brain neurons are still active
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| Mechanoreceptors | detect environment changes
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| Pain | protective mechanism when tissues are being damaged
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| Fast Pain | .1 second after stimulus (acute and sharp)
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| Slow pain | 1. second after stimulus and increases over seconds. (throb, burning)
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| Somatic Pain | Superficial: skin receptors
Deep: Skeletal muscles and tendons
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| Visceral Pain | comes from the internal organs. nociceptors send signals to the spinal cord and brain when damage is detected -- feels originated from skin
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| Referred Pain | pain being felt in an area away from the actual source of the pain.
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| Joint Kinesthetic Receptors | Respond to pressure around synovial joints, within the CT. Responds to excelleration and deceleration movements of joints
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| Muscle Spindle Apparatus | Stimulated bu motor neurons to provide feedback on the degree of muscle stretching
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| Golgi Tendon Organs | Protect tendons and muscles from damage by decreasing muscle tension
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| Posterior Column medial lemomisus pathway to the cortex | impulses conducted along this pathway are concerned with fine touch, proprioception, and vibratory sensations
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| Gracile Fasciculus and Cuneate Fasciculus | Ascending tracts from white matter
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| Posterior Pathway to the cortex | 1st neuron -SC- medulla -2nd neurons- either gracile or cuneate fasiculi-either the gracile /cuneate nucleus -crossing over (decussating) in the medulla- medial lemniscus-Thalamus -- 3rd neurons-primary somatosensory cortex-perception of the sensation
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| ANTERIOLATERAL | Mainly carry pain and temperature impulses
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| Syphilis | Causes a progrssive degeneration of the posterior spinal cord
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| Syphalis Organism | Treponema Pallidum
Symptoms: uncoordinated gait, paralysis and insanity
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