UHS
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| skeletal system | supports and gives shape to the body;protects internal organs, helps with movements,stores calcium
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| Calcium storage | hormones regulate
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| calcitonin | increases storage;parathyroid hormone reduces stores of calcium
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| Hematopoiesis | the blood cell formation in red bone marrow
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| Four Major Bone Types(defines by the according to their shape) | 1-Long(humerus)
2-Short(Carpals)
3-Flat(frontal)
4-Irregular(vertebrae)
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| Diaphysis (Shaft) | is the hollow tube of hard compact bone
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| Medullary Cavity | the hollow are inside diaphysis that contains yellow marrow
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| Epiphysis(ends of the bone) | are the spongy that contains red bone marrow
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| Articular Cartilage | covers the epiphyses and functions as a cushion
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| Periosteum | is the strong membrane covering bone everywhere except at joint surfaces
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| Endosteum | is the thin membrane lining the medullary cavity
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| Flat Bones | have a spongy bone layer sandwiched between two compact bone layers
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| Diploe | is the spongy bone layer of a flat bone
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| trabeculae | spongy bone has a texture that results from needlelike threads of the bone, surrounded by a network of open spaces;found in epiphsis of bones contain red bone marrow
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| Osteon | Structural unit in compact bone;
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| Concentric lamella | calcified matrix arranged in multiple layers or rings
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| Ostocytes | bone cells
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| Lacunae | are small, spindle-shaped spaces each containing an osteocyte that is left behind by osteoblasts during the process of remodelling.
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| Canaliculi | a small channel found in ossified bone
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| Chondrocyte | cartilage cell
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| Cartilage Matrix | is gel-like and lacks blood vessels
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| Early bone development | before birth, consists of cartilage and fibrous structures
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| Osteoblasts | FORM NEW BONE
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| Osteoclasts | REABSORB BONE;are inactive osteoblasts
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| Endochondral ossification | Cartilage models gradually and is replaced by the calcified bone matrix
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| TWO main divisions of skeleton | 1-Axial 2-Appendicular
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| Axial Skeleton | skull, spine, throax, hyoid bone
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| Appendicular Skeleton | Upper extremites including shoulder girdle and lower extremites including hip girdle.
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| Male Skeleton | Generally Larger than female; shape of pelvisis deep and narrow;pubic angle is narrower
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| Female Skeleton | generally smaller than male; pelvis is shallow and broad; Pelvis inlet is generally wider; pubic bones is generally wider
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| Hyoid Bone | anchors tongue; only bone not connected to another
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| Three kinds of joints | 1-Synarthrosis joint 2-Amphiarthrosis 3-Diarthosis
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| Synarthrosis Joints | is no movement;fibrous connective tisse grows between articulating bones; EX. sutures of the skull
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| Amphiarthrosis Joints | slight movements; the cartilage connects articulating bones; EX. symphsis pubis
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| Diarthosis | is a free movement joint;joint capsule and ligaments that hold adjoining bones together permit movement at joint
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| Synovial membrane | is the soft tissue found between the articular capsule
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| Synovial fluid | its yolk-like consistency;the principal role of synovial fluid is to reduce friction between the articular cartilage of synovial joints during movement.
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| Bursae | are fluid-filled pouches that absorb shock
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| Bursitis | inflammationof a bursa
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| Functions of free movable joints | 1-ball and socket 2-hinge 3-pivot 4-saddle 5-gliding 6-condyloid
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