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CHAP 6-Skeletal
UHS
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| skeletal system | supports and gives shape to the body;protects internal organs, helps with movements,stores calcium |
| Calcium storage | hormones regulate |
| calcitonin | increases storage;parathyroid hormone reduces stores of calcium |
| Hematopoiesis | the blood cell formation in red bone marrow |
| Four Major Bone Types(defines by the according to their shape) | 1-Long(humerus) 2-Short(Carpals) 3-Flat(frontal) 4-Irregular(vertebrae) |
| Diaphysis (Shaft) | is the hollow tube of hard compact bone |
| Medullary Cavity | the hollow are inside diaphysis that contains yellow marrow |
| Epiphysis(ends of the bone) | are the spongy that contains red bone marrow |
| Articular Cartilage | covers the epiphyses and functions as a cushion |
| Periosteum | is the strong membrane covering bone everywhere except at joint surfaces |
| Endosteum | is the thin membrane lining the medullary cavity |
| Flat Bones | have a spongy bone layer sandwiched between two compact bone layers |
| Diploe | is the spongy bone layer of a flat bone |
| trabeculae | spongy bone has a texture that results from needlelike threads of the bone, surrounded by a network of open spaces;found in epiphsis of bones contain red bone marrow |
| Osteon | Structural unit in compact bone; |
| Concentric lamella | calcified matrix arranged in multiple layers or rings |
| Ostocytes | bone cells |
| Lacunae | are small, spindle-shaped spaces each containing an osteocyte that is left behind by osteoblasts during the process of remodelling. |
| Canaliculi | a small channel found in ossified bone |
| Chondrocyte | cartilage cell |
| Cartilage Matrix | is gel-like and lacks blood vessels |
| Early bone development | before birth, consists of cartilage and fibrous structures |
| Osteoblasts | FORM NEW BONE |
| Osteoclasts | REABSORB BONE;are inactive osteoblasts |
| Endochondral ossification | Cartilage models gradually and is replaced by the calcified bone matrix |
| TWO main divisions of skeleton | 1-Axial 2-Appendicular |
| Axial Skeleton | skull, spine, throax, hyoid bone |
| Appendicular Skeleton | Upper extremites including shoulder girdle and lower extremites including hip girdle. |
| Male Skeleton | Generally Larger than female; shape of pelvisis deep and narrow;pubic angle is narrower |
| Female Skeleton | generally smaller than male; pelvis is shallow and broad; Pelvis inlet is generally wider; pubic bones is generally wider |
| Hyoid Bone | anchors tongue; only bone not connected to another |
| Three kinds of joints | 1-Synarthrosis joint 2-Amphiarthrosis 3-Diarthosis |
| Synarthrosis Joints | is no movement;fibrous connective tisse grows between articulating bones; EX. sutures of the skull |
| Amphiarthrosis Joints | slight movements; the cartilage connects articulating bones; EX. symphsis pubis |
| Diarthosis | is a free movement joint;joint capsule and ligaments that hold adjoining bones together permit movement at joint |
| Synovial membrane | is the soft tissue found between the articular capsule |
| Synovial fluid | its yolk-like consistency;the principal role of synovial fluid is to reduce friction between the articular cartilage of synovial joints during movement. |
| Bursae | are fluid-filled pouches that absorb shock |
| Bursitis | inflammationof a bursa |
| Functions of free movable joints | 1-ball and socket 2-hinge 3-pivot 4-saddle 5-gliding 6-condyloid |
Created by:
TrAvIeSa262
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