diagnostic and symptomatic terms (green box)
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| Acidosis | Excessive acidity of body fluids
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| anosmia | Absence of or decrease of sense of smell
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| Apnea | temporary loss of breathing
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| asphyxia | condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen
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| atelectasis | collapsed or airless state of the lung
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| Cheyne-Stokes respiration | repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of respiration
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| compliance | ease with which the lung tissue can be stretched
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| coryza | head cold
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| croup | barking cough
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| epistaxis | nosebleed
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| hypoxeima | deficiency of oxygen in the blood
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| hypoxia | absence or deficiency of oxygen in the tissues
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| pleurisy | inflammation of the pleural membrance
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| pneumoconiosis | disease caused by inhalind dust particles
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| rale | abnormal respiratory sounds heard on ausculation
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| ronchus | resembles snoring
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| wheeze | whistling or sighing sound on ausculation that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory pathway
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| anorexia | lack or loss of appetite
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| appendicitis | inflammation of the appendix
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| ascites | accumulation of seroud fluid in the abdomen
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| borborygmus | rumbling caused by passage of gas through the liquid content of the intestine
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| cachexia | general lack of nutrition and wasting occurring
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| cholelithiasis | presence or formation of gall stones
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| crohn disease | chronic inflammation of the ileum
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| cirrhosis | chronic irreversible degenerative disease of the liver
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| colic | spasm in any hollow organ accompanied by pain
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| deglutition | act of swallowing
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| dysentery | inflammation of the intestine
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| dypepsia | epigastric discomfort after eating (indigestion)
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| dysphagia | inability or difficulty in swallowing
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| eructation | producing gas from the stomach
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| flatus | gas in the GI tract
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| hematemesis | vomiting of blood
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| obstipation | intestinal obstruction
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| melena | passage of dark-colored stool (bloody)
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| peristalsis | progressive wavelike movement that occurs in the GI tract
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| steatorrhea | passage of fat in large amounts in the feces
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| aneurysm | localized abnormal dilation of a vessel
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| arrest | condition of being stopped or bringing to a stop
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| arrhythmia | inability of the heart to maintain a stead rhythm
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| cardiomyopathy | any disease of heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function
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| catheter | thin, flexible, hollow plastic tube
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| embolus | traveling blood clot
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| fibrillation | quivering or spontaneous muscle contractions
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| hemostasis | arrest of bleeding or circulation
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| hyperlipidemia | excessive amounts of lipids
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| implantable cardioverter-defibrillator | corrects irregular heart rhythm
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| infarct | area of tissue that undergoes necrosis
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| ischemia | temporary deficiency of blood supply
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| palpitation | sensation that the heart is not beating normally, possibly including "thumping", "fluttering", "skipped beats"
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| perfusion | circulation of blood through tissues
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| thrombus | blood clot that obstructs a vessel
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| stent | slender or threadlike device used to hold open vessels
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| ascites | accumulation of serous fluid in the peritoneal or pleural cavity
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| bacteremia | presence of viable bacteria circulating in the bloodstream
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| graft rejection | recipient's immune system attacks a transplanted organ or tissue
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| hematoma | localized accumulation of blood usually clotted. in an organ, space, or tissue
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| immunity | state of being protected against infectious diseases
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| lymphadenopathy | any disease of the lymph nodes
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| septicemia | blood infection
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| titer | blood test that measure the amount of antibodies in the blood
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| articulation | joint
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| claudication | lameness/limping
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| crepitation | dry, grating sound of bones rubbing together
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| exacerbation | increase in severity of a disease or of any of its symptoms
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| ganglion cyst | tumor of tendon sheath of joint capsule
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| hypotonia | loss of muscular tone
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| talipes | any number of foot deformities
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| multiple myeloma | primary malignant tumor that infiltrates the bone and red bone marrow
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| phantom limb | perceived sensation, following an amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists
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| prosthesis | replacement of a missing part by an artificial substitute
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| spondylolithesis | any forward slipping of a vertebra over the one below it
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| spondylosis | degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues
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| sprain | tearing of ligament tissue that may be slight, moderate, or complete
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| strain | to exert physical force in a manner that may result in injury
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| subluxation | partial or incomplete dislocation
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| anuria | absence of urine production
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| azotemia | retention of excess amounts of nitrogenous compounds
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| dysuria | painful or difficult urination
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| enuresis | involuntary discharge of urine
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| fistula | abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another
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| nephrotic syndrome | loss of large amounts of plasma protein by way of urine
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| nocturia | excessive or frequent urination after going to bed
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| oliguria | diminished capacity to orm and pass urine so that the end products of metabolism cannot be excreted
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| urolithiasis | presence of stones in any urinary structures
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| wilms tumor | rapidly developing malignant neoplasm of the kidney that usually occurs in children
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| anorchidism | ccongenital absence of one or both testes
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| aspermia | failure to form or ejaculate semen
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| balanitis | inflammation of the skin covering the glan penis
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| hydrocele | accumulation of serous fluid in the testes
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| phimosis | stenosis of preputial orifice so that the foreskin cannot be retracted over the glan penis
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| varicocele | swelling and distension of veins of the spermatic cord
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| fulguration | destruction of tissue using a high-frequency electrical current
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| puerperium | time after childbirth that lasts approximately 6 weeks, during which the anatomic and physiological changes brought about during pregnancy resolve
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| adnexa | accessory parts of a structure
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| atresia | congenital absence or closure of a normal body opening
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| corpus luteum | ovarian scar tissue that results from rupturing of a follicle during ovulation and becomes a small yellow body that produces progesterone
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| dyspareunia | occurrence of pain during sexual intercourse
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| endocervictis | inflammation of the mucous lining of the cervix uteri
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| fibroids | benign uterine tumors
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| menarche | beginning of menstrual function
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| oligomenorrhea | scanty or infrequent mentrual flow
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| perineum | region between the vulva and anus
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| vaginismus | painful spasm of the vagina from contraction of the muscles
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| abruptio placentae | premature separation of a normally situated placenta
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| breech presentation | fetal buttocks or feet present rather than the head
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| dystocia | difficult labor
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| eclampsia | most serious form of toxemia during pregnancy
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| gravida | pregnant woman
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| para | woman who has given birth to one or more viable infants
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| parturition | process of giving birth
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| pelvimetry | measurement of pelvic dimensions
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| acromegaly | chronic metabolic disorder characterized by a gradual enlargement and thickening of the bones of the face and jaw
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| diuresis | abnormal secretion of large amounts of urine
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| glycosuria | presence of glucose in the urine
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| Graves disease | hyperthyroidism usually associated with enlarged thyroid and abnormal protrusion of the eyeball
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| hirsutism | excessive distribution of body hair
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| hypervolemia | abnormal increase in the volume of circulating blood
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| panhypopituitarism | total pituitary impairment that brings about a progressive and general loss of hormonal activity
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| thyroid storm | crisis of uncontrolled hyperthyroidism
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| virile | masculine of having characteristics of a man
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| virilism | masculinization in a women or development of male secondary sex characteristics in the woman
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| agnosia | inability to comprehend auditory, visual, spacial, olfactory, or other sensations
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| asthenia | weakness or loss of strength
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| ataxia | lack of muscle coordination in the execution of voluntary movement
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| aura | premonitory awareness of an approaching physical or mental disorder (seizures)
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| cerebral palsy | self-limiting paralysis due to developmental defects in the brain or trauma during the birth process
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| clonic spasm | alternate contraction and relaxation of muscles
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| closed head trauma | injury to the head in which the dura mater remains intact and the brain tissue is not exposed
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| herpes zoster | painful, acute infectious disease of the posterior root ganglia of only a few segments of the spinal of cranial nerves (shingles)
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| sciatica | severe pain in the leg along the sciatic nerve
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| syncope | fainting
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| Transient ischmic attack | temporary interference with blood supply to the brain
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| hydrocephalus | accumulation of fluid in the ventricles of the brain, causing thinning of brain tissue and separation of cranial bones
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| neurosis | unconscious conflict that produces anxiety and other symptoms and leads to maladaptive use of defense mechanisms
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| spina bifida | defect in tissue that forms the brain and spinal cord, fails to close during embryogenesis
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| occulta | form of spina bifida where one or more vertebrae are malformed and the spinal cord is covered with a layer of skin
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| paresthesia | sensation of numbness, prickling, tingling, or heightened sensitivity
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| poliomyelitits | inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord caused by a virus
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| achromatopsia | severe congenital deficiency in color perception
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| chalazion | small, hard tumor developing on the eyelid
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| conjunctivitis | inflammation of the conjunctiva with vascular congestion
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| convergence | medical movement of the two eyeballs so that they are both directed at the same object
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| ectropion | eversion or outward turning of the edge of the lower eyelid
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| entropion | inversion of the lower eyelid
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| epiphora | abnormal overflow of tears
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| exophthalmos | protrusion of one or both eyeballs
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| metamorphopsia | visual distortion of objects
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| nyctalopia | inability to see well in dim light
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| nystagmus | involuntary eye movements
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| photophobia | unusual intolerance and sensitivity to light
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| presbyopia | loss of accommodation of the crystalline lens associated with the aging process
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| retinopathy | any disorder of retinal blood vessels
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| trachoma | chronic, contagious form of conjunctivitis commons in the southwestern states that leads to blindness
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| anacusis | deafness
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| labyrinthitis | inflammation of the inner ear that usually results from an acute febrile process
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| Meniere disease | disorder of the labyrinth that leads to progressive loss of hearing
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| otitis externa | Infection of the external auditory canal
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| presbyacusis | impairment of hearing resulting from old age
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| tinnitus | perception of ringing when no external sound is present
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| vertigo | hallucination of movement or a feeling of spinning or dizziness
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