Chapter 2 Study Section 1
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| anabolism | process of building up complex materials (proteins) from simple materials. Anabolism produces proteins such as hormones and enzymes that are important to growth of cells. Occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum
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| catabolism | process of breaing down complex materials (foods) to form simpler substances and release energy
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| cell membrane | structrue surrounding and protecting the cell. it determines what enters and leaves the cell
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| chromosomes | rod shaped structures in the nucleus taht contain DNA called genes. 46 chromosomes (23 pairs) in very cell except for sex cells with contain only 23 individual unpaired chromosomes
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| cytoplasm | all the meaterial that is outside the nucleus and yet contained within the cell membrane
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| DNA | Chemical found within each chromosome. arranged like a sequence of recipes in code, it directs the actives of the cell
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| endoplasmic reticulum (ER) | structure within the cystoplasm. where large proteins are made from smaller protein pieces. Anabolism takes place on the ribosomes of the ER
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| genes | regions of DNA within each chromosome
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| karyotype | picture of chromosomes in the nucleus of a cell
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| metabolism | the total of the chemical processes in a cell. it includes catabolism and anabolism
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| mitochondria | structures in the cytoplasm in which foods are burned to release energy. catabolism takes place in mitochondria
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| nucleus | control center of the cell
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