Anatomy of Speech and Hearing- Quiz 6
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| Layers of tissue that cover the brain and spinal cord. Protect and support. Holds cerebrum in place during movement. | Meninges
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| The three layers of membranes | Dura Mater, Arachnoid Mater, and Pia Mater
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| Tough, two layers. Adheres to skull. Made up of epidural space and subdural space. | Dura Mater
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| Looks like spider web. made up of subarachoid space. | Arachnoid Mater
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| Most interior. So close it hugs contours of the brain. | Pia Mater
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| Series of ducts and canals within the cerebrum. Holds Fluid: Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) | Ventricular System
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| clear fluid, colorless. Provides protection. Maintains inter cranial pressure. Brings nutrients to the brain. takes away waste. | Cerebrospinal Fluid
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| Small duct from 4th ventricle to spinal cord. | Central Canal
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| Takes several hours for one trip | Pathway of CSF
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| Clusters of grey cells deep in the cerebrum | Basal Ganglia
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| Related to extrapyrimidal system: for course motor movement like muscle tone and posture. | Function of Basal Ganglia
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| Back and forth to help refine movement. | Feedback Loops
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| Parkinson's- reduced movement and Chorea- moves too much | 2 Major Types of Basal Ganglia Disorders
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| Start off in the cortex and go down to brain stem and down to spinal cord. Ex: Corona Radiata | Projection Fibers
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| Provide communication o different are as of the same hemisphere. Ex: Arcuate Fassiculus | Association Fibers
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| Connects to one area in 1 hemisphere to another hemisphere. Ex: Corpus Collosum | Commissural Fibers
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| Connects the brain and brainstem with the rest of the body. Site for both motor and sensory information. | Spinal Cord
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| Below foramen magnum and stops at L1 vertebrae. | Location of Spinal Cord
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| General Visceral Afferent (GVA) General Visceral Efferent (GVE) General Somatic Efferent (GSE) General Somatic Afferent (GSA) | Four Types of Spinal Nerves
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| Sensory | Afferent
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| Motor | Efferent
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| Muscle | Somatic
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| Organ | Visceral
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| H-shaped mass of grey matter Anterior(Ventral) and posterior(dorsal) horn | Cross Section of Cord
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| Bundles of axons. | Tracts
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| Voluntary muscle movement (descending motor tract) | Pyramidal System
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| Voluntary movement for hands and feet. | Corticospinal tract (Pyramidal System)
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| Motor control for cranial nerves (speech) | Corticobulbar Tract(Pyramidal System)
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| Cortex to pons | Corticopontine Tract (Pyramidal System)
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| Clusters of cells that contain Basal Ganglia. Helps to refine movement. Nuclei involved. | Extrapyridmidal System
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| Goes from red nucleus in basal ganglia to spine. | Rubrospinal Tract
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| Interacts with pyramidal and exrtrapyramidal systems. Provides coordination for speech. | Cerebellar System
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| Three funiculi: Posterior, Anterior, Lateral | Ascending Sensory Tract
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| Fasiculus Gracicis: waist down Fasiculus Cuneans- waist up they both transmit fine touch and pressure. | Posterior Funiculus
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| Anterior Spinothalamic Tract: light touch and pressure | Anterior Funiculus
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| Lateral Spinothalamic Tract: pain and temperature. | Lateral Fasiculus
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