Respiratory System
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| vibrissae | show 🗑
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| show | lining the slitlike superior region of the nasal cavity, contains receptors for the sense of smell
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| respiratory mucosa | show 🗑
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| lysozyme | show 🗑
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| show | secrete by epithelial cells of the rspiratory mucosa that are natural antibiotics that help to get rid of invading microbes
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| meatus | show 🗑
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| show | nasopharynx, oropharynx & laryngopharynx
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| show | located on the posterior walls of the nasopharynx; traps & destroys pathogens entering the nasopharynx in air
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| show | pired palatine tonsils; & lingual tonsil
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| show | common passageway for food & air & is line w. a stratified squamous eithelium
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| show | provide a patent(open) airway, to act as a sqitching mechanism to route air & food into the proper channels & voice production (bc it houses the vocal cords)
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| vocal ligaments | show 🗑
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| show | inflammation of the vocal folds; causes vocal folds to swell, interferin w their vibration; also caused by overuse of voice, very dry air, bacterial infections rumors & inhalation of irritating chems
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| Valsalva's maneuver | show 🗑
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| submucosa | show 🗑
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| show | outermost layer that is a connective tissue layer that is reinforced internally by 16 to 20 C-shaped rings of hyaline cartilage & is perfused tot eh perichondrium of theses cartilages
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| carina | show 🗑
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| secondary (lobar) bronchi | show 🗑
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| tertiary (segmental) bronchi | show 🗑
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| show | when air passages are under 1 mm in diameter
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| bronchial or respiratory tree | show 🗑
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| respiratory zone | show 🗑
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| name the hierchy of the respiratory zone | show 🗑
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| where does the actual exchange of gas occur | show 🗑
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| Type I cells | show 🗑
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| show | alveolar-capillary membrane; the combination of the alveolar & capillary walls and their fused basal laminas; has gas on one side & blood flowing past on the other
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| show | alveolus
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| show | blood
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| type I cells are the primary source of | show 🗑
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| show | secret a fluid containing surfactant that coats the gasexposed alveolar surfaces
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| alveolar pores | show 🗑
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| show | crawl freely along the internal alveolar surfaces (AKA dust cells)
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| show | an indentation on the medial (mediasinal) surface of each lungq
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| show | the oblique fissure
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| what subdivides the right lung into 3 lobes? | show 🗑
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| bronchopulmonary segments | show 🗑
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| each lung contains __ bronchopulmonary segments arranged in similar patterns | show 🗑
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| show | when a pulmonary disease occurs it is often confined to one or a few bronchopulmonary segments
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| show | the smallest subdivision of the lung visible with the naked eye; each one is served by a large bronchiole & its branches
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| show | balance of lung tissue
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| pulmonary arteries | show 🗑
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| show | fed off of the pulmonary arteries; surrond the alveoli
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| show | conveys freshly oxygenated blood from the respiratory zones of the lungs to the heart
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| bronchial arteries | show 🗑
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| show | the transport vehicle for nerve fibers to enter each lung; located on the lung root & run along the bronchial tubes & blood vessels within the lungs
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| pleurae | show 🗑
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| parietal pleura | show 🗑
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| visceral/pulmonary pleura | show 🗑
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| show | inflammati of the pleurae; often results fm pneumonia; pleural surfaces become dry & rough or over fluidized
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| name the two phases of pulmonary ventilation | show 🗑
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| show | period when air flows into the lungs
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| show | period when gases exit the lungs
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| show | (Palv) pressure within the alveoli of the lungs (rises & falls with the phases of breathing)
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| intrapleural pressure | show 🗑
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| show | high to low pressure
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| transpulmonary pressure | show 🗑
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| show | lung collase, occurs when air enters the pleural cavity through a chest wounds, or a rupture of the visceral pleura which allows air to enter the pleural cavity from th rspiratory trat
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| show | the presence of air in the intrapleural space; can be reversed by closing the "hole" & drawing air out of the intrapleural space w chest tubes allowing the lung to reinflate & resume its normal function
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| pulmonary ventilation depends on | show 🗑
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| show | pressure changes; flow of gases
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| Boyles' law | show 🗑
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| show | the diaphragm & the intercostal muscles
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| when P-avl > P atm the pressure gradient forces gases to | show 🗑
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| F= delta P/ R | show 🗑
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| show | inversely (gas flow decreases as resistance increases
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| surfactant | show 🗑
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| show | causes when too little surfactant is present, surface tension forces can collapse the alveoli; treated with positive pressure respirators that force air into the alveoli
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| show | combined residual & expiratory reserve volumes & represents the amount of air remaining in the lungs after a tidal expiration
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| VC; vital capacity | show 🗑
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| show | the sum of all lng volumes & is normally around 6000 ml in males
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| minute/total ventilation | show 🗑
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| show | measures the amount of gas expelled when a subject takes a deep breath & then forcefully exhales maximally & as rapidly as possible
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| FEV; forced expiratory volume | show 🗑
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| how is alveolar ventilation computed? | show 🗑
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| show | the total pressure exerted by a mixture of gases is the sum of the pressures exerted independently by each gas in the mixture
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| show | the pressure exerted by each gas; it is directly proportional to its percentage in the total gas mixture
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| show | when a mixture of gases is in contact w/ a liquid, each gas will dissolve in the liquid in proportion to its partial pressure
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| oxygen toxicity | show 🗑
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| show | hemoglobin that has released oxygen
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| show | oxygen unloading is accelerated where it is most needed
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| hypoxia | show 🗑
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| anemic hypoxia | show 🗑
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| show | results when blood circulation is impaired or blocked
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| show | occurs when blody cells are unable to use oxygen even though adequate amounts ar delivered
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| show | indicated by reduced arterial P o2
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| show | unique type of hypoxemic hypoxia & is the leading cause of death from fire
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| carbaminohemoglobin | show 🗑
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| carbonic anhydrase | show 🗑
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| show | the ionci exchange process; a rapid outrush of negative bicarbonate ions from the RBC chloride ions (Cl-) move from the plama into the erythrocytes
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| Haldane effect | show 🗑
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| show | (if the hydrogen ion concentration in blood begins to rise, excess H+ is removed by combining w. HCO3- to form carbonic acid (a weak acid that disociates very little at either physiological or acidic pH) (if H+ concentration drops below desirable levels i
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| show | normal respiratory rate & rhythm
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| peumotaxic center | show 🗑
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| show | appears to provide inspiratory drive by continuously stimulateding themedullary inspiratory center
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Created by:
Brina
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