A&P I Chapter 11
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| show | The brain, spinal cord - in dorsal cavity.
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| The CNS is the __ of the nervous system. | show 🗑
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| show | The nerves (bundles of axons) that extend FROM brain & spinal cord - spinal & cranial nerves.
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| The peripheral nerves serve as? | show 🗑
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| show | Motor/efferent division (to CNS) & sensory/afferent division (away from CNS).
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| Sensory/Afferent Division | show 🗑
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| show | Somatic afferent fibers (soma
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| show | Visceral afferent fibers
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| Role of the motor/efferent division? | show 🗑
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| The motor division of the PNS has 2 main parts. | show 🗑
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| show | Involuntary (autonomic) nervous system
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| The autonomic (involuntary) nervous system has 2 divisions. | show 🗑
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| The sympathetic & parasympathetic work in __. | show 🗑
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| show | (1) supporting cells, (2) neurons
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| Glia cells provide a __ for neurons. | show 🗑
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| Name the neuroglia in the CNS. | show 🗑
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| show | Branching processes (extensions) & central body.
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| show | Their much smaller size & darker - staining nuclei.
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| show | Half
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| show | Most abundant & versatile glial cells - exchanges between capuillaries & neurons, guide migration of young neurons.
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| show | Signaling one another by slow-paced intracellular calcium pulses (calcium sparks) & they participate in info. processing in brain.
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| show | Small ovoid cells - monitor health of nearby neurons - phagocytize microorganisms or neuronal debris.
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| show | Microglia
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| show | Squamous to columnar in shape & many are ciliated - line central cavities of brain & spinal cord - circulate the cerebrospinal fluid.
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| show | Wrap their processes around neuron fibers to produce insulating coverings called myelin sheaths.
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| Name the 2 neuroglia of the PNS. | show 🗑
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| Satellite cells | show 🗑
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| show | Neurolemmocytes - form myelin sheaths around lg. nerve fibers in PNS. Vital to regen. of damaged peripheral nerve fibers.
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| Which neuroglia are vital to regeneration of damaged PN fibers? | show 🗑
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| Special characteristics of neurons are? | show 🗑
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| Perikaryon | show 🗑
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| Nissl bodies | show 🗑
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| Neurofibrils | show 🗑
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| Lipofuscin | show 🗑
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| show | Nuclei
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| Clusters of cell bodies that lie along nerves of PNS are called __. | show 🗑
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| show | Tracts, nerves
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| show | Nerve fiber
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| show | Axon collaterals
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| show | Terminal branches, or telodendria
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| Knoblike distal endings of terminal branches have various names like __. | show 🗑
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| show | Axon
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| show | Generates nerve impulses & transmits them.
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| show | lacks nissl bodies (rough ER) & golgi apparatus.
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| Axon depends on __ to renew necessary proteins. | show 🗑
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| show | Axon plasma membrane
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| What viruses & bacterial toxins use retrograde axonal transport? | show 🗑
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| show | Unmyelinated
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| show | Schwann Cells
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| show | Portion of Schwann cell's plasma membrane that bulges due to nucleus & cytoplasm.
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| Gaps in the myelin sheath are called __. | show 🗑
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| Axon collaterals emerge from the axon at __. | show 🗑
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| show | Oligodendrocytes
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| show | Cell extensions are doing the coiling - by oligodendrocytes.
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| White matter contains __ fibers. | show 🗑
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| show | Unmyelinated
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| Neuorons are grouped structurally according to __. | show 🗑
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| show | Multipolar, bipolar, & unipolar (psudounipolar)
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| show | Multipolar neurons - 99%
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| show | Sense organs like retina of eye & olfactory mucosa.
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| show | In ganglia in PNS as sensory neurons.
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| show | Sensory, motor, & interneurons.
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| show | Unipolar
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| show | To
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| Motor (efferent) neurons carry messages __ CNS to organs. | show 🗑
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| Cell bodies of sensory neurons are located __ CNS while motor neurons are __ the CNS. | show 🗑
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| show | Interneurons in CNS (multipolar).
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| show | Blocks (circuits)
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| show | Sensory neurons synapse directly on motor neurons - simplest path of info flow.
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| show | Brain, spinal cord, interneurons
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| show | Nerves - somatic & autonomic subdvisions
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| show | Cell bodies of several neurons that occur in clusters.
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| Name a demyelinating disease. | show 🗑
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| show | Thick myelin sheaths & diameter - Somatic sensory & motor - sense skin, skeletal muscles, & joints.
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| show | Lightly myelinated - autonomic NS - visceral organs, pain & touch of skin.
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| Group C nerve fibers | show 🗑
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| show | Axodendric
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| Synapse between axon of 1 neuron & cell bodies of others are __ synapses. | show 🗑
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| show | 1000 - 10,000
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| show | less common - gap junctions - protein channels - eye jerks, embryonic tissue, glial cells in CNS.
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| show | Cell body
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| Excitatory synapses occur most often on the __. | show 🗑
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| show | Neurotransmitters & electrical signals.
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| show | Include: dopamine, norepinephrine, etc - are catecholamines & indolamines - emotional behavior & bio clock - mental illness.
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| show | Pain & pleasure - gut-brain peptides.
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| show | ATP - fast excitatory responses, adenosine (inhibiter of caffine)
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| Dissolved gases | show 🗑
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| Channel-linked receptors | show 🗑
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| show | Metabotropic receptors - slow, go-betweens
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| Neuronal pools | show 🗑
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| show | Amplifying circuits - common in sensory & motor sys.
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| Converging Circuits | show 🗑
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| show | Involved in control of rhythmic activities like: sleep-wake, breathing, arm swinging. Oscillates for seconds, hours, etc.
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| show | Input travels along 1 pathway - reflex arc
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| Parallel processing | show 🗑
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| N.S. originates from a __ & __ formed from surface __. | show 🗑
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