A&PII-chapter 10-blood
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| plasma is made of 90% of what? | water
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| the color of plasma | straw-colored
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| blood is composed of | plasma 55% and cells(formed elements? 45%
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| 3 main formed elements | red blood cells,white blood cells, platelets
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| RBC's main function | carries oxygen to all the cells
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| this gives blood its red color | hemoglobin
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| another name for red blood cells | erythrocytes
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| anemia | decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood.
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| excessive or abnormal increase in the number of erythrocytes | polycythemia
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| another name for white blood cells | leukocytes
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| blood cell formation is called | hematopoesis
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| never let monkeys eat bananas is a phrase to help remember what? | neutrophils,lymphocytes,monocytes,esonophils,basophils
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| normal range of hemoglobin | 12-18g
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| abnormally shaped hemoglobin | sickle cell anemia
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| leukocytosis | white count above 11,000, usually indicates infection
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| leukopenia | abnormally low leukocyte levels
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| leukemia | bone marrow becomes cancerous, turns out excess WBC
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| neutrophils | function as phagocytes at active sites of infection
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| eosinophils | function to kill parasitic worms and and a role in allergy atttacks
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| basophils | release histamine at sites of inflammation
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| lymphocytes | functions as part of the immune response
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| monocytes | important in fighting chronic infection
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| hematopoiesis takes place here | red bone marrow
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| erythrocyte production | rate is controlled by a hormone called erythropoietin.
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| erythropoietin | kidneys produce most erythropoietin as response to reduced oxygen levels in the blood
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| formation of WBC's and platelets | colony stimulating factors and interleukins prompt bone marrow to generate leukocytes
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| thrombopoietin | stimulates production of platelets
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| 3 phases of hemostasis | vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, coagulation
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| vascular spasms | vasoconstriction causes blood vessel to spasms, spasms narrow the blood vessel, decreasing the blood loss
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| platelet plug formation | collagen fibers are exposed by a break in a blood vessel, platelets become sticky and cling to fibers, anchored platelets release chemicals to attract more platelets and then the plug is formed.
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| coagulation | injured tissues release tissue factor(TF), PF3 interacts with TF to trigger a clotting cascade, prothrombin activator converts prothrombin to thrombin., fibrin forms a clot
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| amount of time it takes blood to clot | average 3-6 minutes
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| thrombus | a clot in an unbroken blood vessel
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| embolus | a thrombus that breaks away and floats freely in the blood stream.
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| thrombocytopenia | platelet deficiency
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| hemophilia | normal clotting factors are missing, hereditary bleeding disorder
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| AB blood | has A and B antigens and no antibodies
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| B blood | B antigen and antibodies A
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| A blood | A antigens and B antibodies
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| O blood | no antigens and antibodies A and B
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