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A&P II -blood
A&PII-chapter 10-blood
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| plasma is made of 90% of what? | water |
| the color of plasma | straw-colored |
| blood is composed of | plasma 55% and cells(formed elements? 45% |
| 3 main formed elements | red blood cells,white blood cells, platelets |
| RBC's main function | carries oxygen to all the cells |
| this gives blood its red color | hemoglobin |
| another name for red blood cells | erythrocytes |
| anemia | decrease in the oxygen-carrying ability of the blood. |
| excessive or abnormal increase in the number of erythrocytes | polycythemia |
| another name for white blood cells | leukocytes |
| blood cell formation is called | hematopoesis |
| never let monkeys eat bananas is a phrase to help remember what? | neutrophils,lymphocytes,monocytes,esonophils,basophils |
| normal range of hemoglobin | 12-18g |
| abnormally shaped hemoglobin | sickle cell anemia |
| leukocytosis | white count above 11,000, usually indicates infection |
| leukopenia | abnormally low leukocyte levels |
| leukemia | bone marrow becomes cancerous, turns out excess WBC |
| neutrophils | function as phagocytes at active sites of infection |
| eosinophils | function to kill parasitic worms and and a role in allergy atttacks |
| basophils | release histamine at sites of inflammation |
| lymphocytes | functions as part of the immune response |
| monocytes | important in fighting chronic infection |
| hematopoiesis takes place here | red bone marrow |
| erythrocyte production | rate is controlled by a hormone called erythropoietin. |
| erythropoietin | kidneys produce most erythropoietin as response to reduced oxygen levels in the blood |
| formation of WBC's and platelets | colony stimulating factors and interleukins prompt bone marrow to generate leukocytes |
| thrombopoietin | stimulates production of platelets |
| 3 phases of hemostasis | vascular spasms, platelet plug formation, coagulation |
| vascular spasms | vasoconstriction causes blood vessel to spasms, spasms narrow the blood vessel, decreasing the blood loss |
| platelet plug formation | collagen fibers are exposed by a break in a blood vessel, platelets become sticky and cling to fibers, anchored platelets release chemicals to attract more platelets and then the plug is formed. |
| coagulation | injured tissues release tissue factor(TF), PF3 interacts with TF to trigger a clotting cascade, prothrombin activator converts prothrombin to thrombin., fibrin forms a clot |
| amount of time it takes blood to clot | average 3-6 minutes |
| thrombus | a clot in an unbroken blood vessel |
| embolus | a thrombus that breaks away and floats freely in the blood stream. |
| thrombocytopenia | platelet deficiency |
| hemophilia | normal clotting factors are missing, hereditary bleeding disorder |
| AB blood | has A and B antigens and no antibodies |
| B blood | B antigen and antibodies A |
| A blood | A antigens and B antibodies |
| O blood | no antigens and antibodies A and B |
Created by:
anewkirk
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