Reproductive System
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| Gametes ___male, ___female | sperm, egg
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| One diploid cell contains ___chromosomes | 46
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| One diploid cell divides # and end up with # haploid cells containing 23 chromosomes | 2, 4
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| Sperm and egg join to become ___ | zygote
Zygote has # chromosome
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| Fertilized egg | zygote
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| Consists of testes and a series of ducts and glands | Male reproductive system
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| ___is produced in the testes | Sperm
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| Sperm is transported through the __ (4) | epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
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| Seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral are all ____glands | reproductive
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| Reproductive glands produce secretions mixing with sperm to become___ | semen
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| Paired organs in scrotum | Testes
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| Testes develop near___and descend before birth | Kidneys
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| Undecided tests | Cryptorchidism
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| Testes are divided into__ | Lobes
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| Each lobe contains several ____ tubules | seminiferous
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| Semeniferous tubules empty in to____testes | Rete
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| Tubes that connect to epididymis | Rete testes
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| ___cells stimulated by testosterone to produce inhibin | Sustentacular
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| Sustentacular cells aka | Sertoli
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| Sustentacular cells located in ____tubules | Semeniferous
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| ___cells between loops of Semeniferous tubules | interstitial
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| Interstitial cells stimulated by___to produce ___ | LH, testosterone
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| 20 foot long coiled tubes on posterior of each testis | Epididymis…
Epididymis connected to ____tubules by ___ testes
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| Maturation of sperm occurs in | Epididymis
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| Smooth muscle moves sperm into ___ ____ | ductus deferens
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| Ductus deferens aka | vas deferens
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| Vas deferens is from epididymis to ____ duct | ejaculatory
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| Opening from the inguinal are for the spermatic cord | Inguinal canal
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| Inguinal canal is comon place for ____ | hernia
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| Connective tissue sheath | Spermatic cord
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| Spermatic cord contains blood vessels, nerves and _______ | vas deferens
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| Paired organs posterior to bladder | Seminal vesicles
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| Seminal vesicles secrete (2) | Fructose, alkaline liquid
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| Energy source for sperm | Fructose
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| Neutralizes acidy of vagina | Alkaline liquid
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| Paired ducts that receive contents of seminal vesicles and vas deferens | Ejaculatory duct
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| Ejaculatory ducts enter into ____ urethra | Prostatic
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| Muscular gland inferior to bladder surrounding prostatic urethra | Prostate
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| Prostate secretes ___liquid | alkaline
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| Bulbourethral gland aka | Cowper’s
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| Pea sized glands inferior to prostatic urethra | Bulbourethral gland
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| Secretes alkaline liquid to neutralize acid from urine in urethra | Bulbourethral gland
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| Penis contains__ | urethra
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| The head of the penis | Glans penis
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| Foreskin aka | Prepuce
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| Surgical removal of foreskin | Circumcision
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| There are # cavities cavernous erectile tissue | 3
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| #corpus cavernosum | 2
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| #corpus spongiosum | 1
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| NO | nitric oxide
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| NO causes | dilation
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| Process of producing sperm | Spermatogenesis
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| Spermatogenesis occurs in ____tubules | Semeniferous
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| Temperature optimal for spermatogenesis | 96 degrees
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| Seminiferous tubules contain stem calls called | Spermatigoma
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| FSH | Follicles stimulating hormone
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| FSH produced in | anterior pituitary
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| FSH stimulates ___ production | Sperm
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| LH | Luteinizing hormone
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| LH produced in | anterior pituitary
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| LH stimulates ___production in men | Testosterone
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| Inhibin is from ___cells | Sertoli
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| Inhibin is secreted from ___ | testes
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| Inhibin inhibit____ | FSH
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| Sperm contains ___chromosomes | 23
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| Similar to lysozomes located on the head of sperm | Acrosomes
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| Acrosomes digest the cell membrane of __ | egg
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| Provide motility of sperm | Flagellum
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| Flagellum is powered by ___ | ATP
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| Sperm and secretion from seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands | Semen
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| The pH of semen is slightly____ | alkaline
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| Paired ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, external genitalia | Female reproductive system
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| Paired oval shaped organs on each side of uterus | Ovaries
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| Follicles have # stages | 3
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| 3 follicle stages | Primary, graafin, atretic
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| Cavities that each contain an oocyte | Primary follicles
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| Oocyte | immature egg, ovum
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| Primary follicles are present from ___ | birth
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| ___-cells surround each oocyte | Follicle
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| Follicle cells secrete | estrogen
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| Follicle cells mature as a result of __and___ | FSH, estrogen
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| Mature primary follicle | Graafian follicle
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| Graafian follicle ruptures as result of | LH
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| Graafian follicle becomes ____ and secrete progesterone, estrogen, inhibin, and relazin | Corpus luteum
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| Developing follicles that become useless and deteriorate after ovulation of graafian follicles | Atritic follicles
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| Attaches from medial end of ovary to uterus | Ovarian ligament
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| Fold of peritoneum that covers the ovaries and attaches to the uterus | Broad ligament
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| Process of egg cell formation | Oogenesis
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| Oogenesis takes place in ___ | Ovaries
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| FSH initiates growth of ___ | egg
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| Each follicle contains___ | Stem cells
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| ___production stimulated by FSH | estrogen
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| Estrogen promotes maturation of ___ | ovum
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| Meiosis results in 3 polar bodies and one__ | egg
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| Ova production begins at ___ | puberty
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| Ova production continues till___ | menopause
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| LH cause ___ | Ovulation
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| 4 in long tubes form the ovary to superior uterus | Fallopian tubes
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| Fallopian tubes aka (2) | uterine tubes, oviducts
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| Finger like projections superior to ovary | Fimbrae
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| Fimbrae move to create current to catch ovum and pull into___ | fallopian tubes
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| Fertilization usually takes place in___ | fallopian tubes
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| Zygote secretes ____and implants on uterus | Mucus
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| Implantation outside uterus | Ectopic
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| Pear shaped muscular organ poterosuperior to bladder | Uterus
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| Uterus contains ___-during pregnancy | placenta
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| Superior part where fallopian tubes enter | Fundus
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| Main central part | body of uterus
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| Neck that opens into vagina | Cervix
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| Outer layer (serosa) (a fold of visceral peritoneum) | Epimetrium
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| Middle layer (smooth muscle) | Myometrium
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| Myometrium hypertrophies during pregnancy to allow___ | expansion
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| Myometrium ____ during labor | Contracts
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| Inner most layer | Endometrium
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| Endometrium has # layers | 2
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| Endometrium 2 layers | basilar, functional
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| Basilar layer adjacent to | Myometrium
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| Basilar layer is _____ | Permanent
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| Basilar layer is the area of ___ | Mitosis
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| Innermost layer of endometrium | Functional layer
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| Functional layer is ____and ___during menstruation | regenerated, lost
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| Functional layer ____ and thickens from estrogen and progesterone in preparation for___ | vascularizes, pregnancy
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| Function layer of endometrium froms____portion of placenta | maternal
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| Muscular tube from cervix to vaginal orifice | Vagina
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| Pelvic floor | Perineum
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| Vagina is ___ to urethra | Posterior
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| Vagina is ___ to rectum and anus | Anterior
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| Vagina is partially covered by thin membrane till first intercourse | Hymen
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| Vagina is made of stratified squamous epithelium why? | Due to physical trauma, sex, birth, tampons
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| Normal flora of vagina produce____ pH to inhibit pathogens | acidic
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| External genitalia aka | Vuvla
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| Small mass of erectile tissue anterior to urethra | Clitoris
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| Fat pad external to pubic symphasis covered by pubic hair | Mons pubis
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| Lateral folds of skin | Labia majora
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| Medial smaller folds of skin surrounding opening | Labia minora
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| Prolactin increase milk___ | production
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| Oxytocin causes mile___ | release
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| Opening of vagina aka | Vestibule
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| Vestibular glands aka | Bartholins glands
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| Bartholins glands secrete_____ | Lubrication
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| Menstrual cycle influenced by ___, ___, ___ and ___ | FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone
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| # phases to menstrual cycle | 3
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| Phase marked by loss of functional layer of endometrium after menses | Menstrual layer
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| Phase started by FSH and marked by growth of ovarian follicles, menstruation of ovum, regrowth of functional layer | Follicular
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| Phase started by LH and marked by secretion of estrogen and progesterone, further growth of functional layer | luteal
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