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I. Anat 20
Reproductive System
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Gametes ___male, ___female | sperm, egg |
| One diploid cell contains ___chromosomes | 46 |
| One diploid cell divides # and end up with # haploid cells containing 23 chromosomes | 2, 4 |
| Sperm and egg join to become ___ | zygote Zygote has # chromosome |
| Fertilized egg | zygote |
| Consists of testes and a series of ducts and glands | Male reproductive system |
| ___is produced in the testes | Sperm |
| Sperm is transported through the __ (4) | epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra |
| Seminal vesicles, prostate and bulbourethral are all ____glands | reproductive |
| Reproductive glands produce secretions mixing with sperm to become___ | semen |
| Paired organs in scrotum | Testes |
| Testes develop near___and descend before birth | Kidneys |
| Undecided tests | Cryptorchidism |
| Testes are divided into__ | Lobes |
| Each lobe contains several ____ tubules | seminiferous |
| Semeniferous tubules empty in to____testes | Rete |
| Tubes that connect to epididymis | Rete testes |
| ___cells stimulated by testosterone to produce inhibin | Sustentacular |
| Sustentacular cells aka | Sertoli |
| Sustentacular cells located in ____tubules | Semeniferous |
| ___cells between loops of Semeniferous tubules | interstitial |
| Interstitial cells stimulated by___to produce ___ | LH, testosterone |
| 20 foot long coiled tubes on posterior of each testis | Epididymis… Epididymis connected to ____tubules by ___ testes |
| Maturation of sperm occurs in | Epididymis |
| Smooth muscle moves sperm into ___ ____ | ductus deferens |
| Ductus deferens aka | vas deferens |
| Vas deferens is from epididymis to ____ duct | ejaculatory |
| Opening from the inguinal are for the spermatic cord | Inguinal canal |
| Inguinal canal is comon place for ____ | hernia |
| Connective tissue sheath | Spermatic cord |
| Spermatic cord contains blood vessels, nerves and _______ | vas deferens |
| Paired organs posterior to bladder | Seminal vesicles |
| Seminal vesicles secrete (2) | Fructose, alkaline liquid |
| Energy source for sperm | Fructose |
| Neutralizes acidy of vagina | Alkaline liquid |
| Paired ducts that receive contents of seminal vesicles and vas deferens | Ejaculatory duct |
| Ejaculatory ducts enter into ____ urethra | Prostatic |
| Muscular gland inferior to bladder surrounding prostatic urethra | Prostate |
| Prostate secretes ___liquid | alkaline |
| Bulbourethral gland aka | Cowper’s |
| Pea sized glands inferior to prostatic urethra | Bulbourethral gland |
| Secretes alkaline liquid to neutralize acid from urine in urethra | Bulbourethral gland |
| Penis contains__ | urethra |
| The head of the penis | Glans penis |
| Foreskin aka | Prepuce |
| Surgical removal of foreskin | Circumcision |
| There are # cavities cavernous erectile tissue | 3 |
| #corpus cavernosum | 2 |
| #corpus spongiosum | 1 |
| NO | nitric oxide |
| NO causes | dilation |
| Process of producing sperm | Spermatogenesis |
| Spermatogenesis occurs in ____tubules | Semeniferous |
| Temperature optimal for spermatogenesis | 96 degrees |
| Seminiferous tubules contain stem calls called | Spermatigoma |
| FSH | Follicles stimulating hormone |
| FSH produced in | anterior pituitary |
| FSH stimulates ___ production | Sperm |
| LH | Luteinizing hormone |
| LH produced in | anterior pituitary |
| LH stimulates ___production in men | Testosterone |
| Inhibin is from ___cells | Sertoli |
| Inhibin is secreted from ___ | testes |
| Inhibin inhibit____ | FSH |
| Sperm contains ___chromosomes | 23 |
| Similar to lysozomes located on the head of sperm | Acrosomes |
| Acrosomes digest the cell membrane of __ | egg |
| Provide motility of sperm | Flagellum |
| Flagellum is powered by ___ | ATP |
| Sperm and secretion from seminal vesicles, prostate, bulbourethral glands | Semen |
| The pH of semen is slightly____ | alkaline |
| Paired ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, vagina, external genitalia | Female reproductive system |
| Paired oval shaped organs on each side of uterus | Ovaries |
| Follicles have # stages | 3 |
| 3 follicle stages | Primary, graafin, atretic |
| Cavities that each contain an oocyte | Primary follicles |
| Oocyte | immature egg, ovum |
| Primary follicles are present from ___ | birth |
| ___-cells surround each oocyte | Follicle |
| Follicle cells secrete | estrogen |
| Follicle cells mature as a result of __and___ | FSH, estrogen |
| Mature primary follicle | Graafian follicle |
| Graafian follicle ruptures as result of | LH |
| Graafian follicle becomes ____ and secrete progesterone, estrogen, inhibin, and relazin | Corpus luteum |
| Developing follicles that become useless and deteriorate after ovulation of graafian follicles | Atritic follicles |
| Attaches from medial end of ovary to uterus | Ovarian ligament |
| Fold of peritoneum that covers the ovaries and attaches to the uterus | Broad ligament |
| Process of egg cell formation | Oogenesis |
| Oogenesis takes place in ___ | Ovaries |
| FSH initiates growth of ___ | egg |
| Each follicle contains___ | Stem cells |
| ___production stimulated by FSH | estrogen |
| Estrogen promotes maturation of ___ | ovum |
| Meiosis results in 3 polar bodies and one__ | egg |
| Ova production begins at ___ | puberty |
| Ova production continues till___ | menopause |
| LH cause ___ | Ovulation |
| 4 in long tubes form the ovary to superior uterus | Fallopian tubes |
| Fallopian tubes aka (2) | uterine tubes, oviducts |
| Finger like projections superior to ovary | Fimbrae |
| Fimbrae move to create current to catch ovum and pull into___ | fallopian tubes |
| Fertilization usually takes place in___ | fallopian tubes |
| Zygote secretes ____and implants on uterus | Mucus |
| Implantation outside uterus | Ectopic |
| Pear shaped muscular organ poterosuperior to bladder | Uterus |
| Uterus contains ___-during pregnancy | placenta |
| Superior part where fallopian tubes enter | Fundus |
| Main central part | body of uterus |
| Neck that opens into vagina | Cervix |
| Outer layer (serosa) (a fold of visceral peritoneum) | Epimetrium |
| Middle layer (smooth muscle) | Myometrium |
| Myometrium hypertrophies during pregnancy to allow___ | expansion |
| Myometrium ____ during labor | Contracts |
| Inner most layer | Endometrium |
| Endometrium has # layers | 2 |
| Endometrium 2 layers | basilar, functional |
| Basilar layer adjacent to | Myometrium |
| Basilar layer is _____ | Permanent |
| Basilar layer is the area of ___ | Mitosis |
| Innermost layer of endometrium | Functional layer |
| Functional layer is ____and ___during menstruation | regenerated, lost |
| Functional layer ____ and thickens from estrogen and progesterone in preparation for___ | vascularizes, pregnancy |
| Function layer of endometrium froms____portion of placenta | maternal |
| Muscular tube from cervix to vaginal orifice | Vagina |
| Pelvic floor | Perineum |
| Vagina is ___ to urethra | Posterior |
| Vagina is ___ to rectum and anus | Anterior |
| Vagina is partially covered by thin membrane till first intercourse | Hymen |
| Vagina is made of stratified squamous epithelium why? | Due to physical trauma, sex, birth, tampons |
| Normal flora of vagina produce____ pH to inhibit pathogens | acidic |
| External genitalia aka | Vuvla |
| Small mass of erectile tissue anterior to urethra | Clitoris |
| Fat pad external to pubic symphasis covered by pubic hair | Mons pubis |
| Lateral folds of skin | Labia majora |
| Medial smaller folds of skin surrounding opening | Labia minora |
| Prolactin increase milk___ | production |
| Oxytocin causes mile___ | release |
| Opening of vagina aka | Vestibule |
| Vestibular glands aka | Bartholins glands |
| Bartholins glands secrete_____ | Lubrication |
| Menstrual cycle influenced by ___, ___, ___ and ___ | FSH, LH, estrogen, progesterone |
| # phases to menstrual cycle | 3 |
| Phase marked by loss of functional layer of endometrium after menses | Menstrual layer |
| Phase started by FSH and marked by growth of ovarian follicles, menstruation of ovum, regrowth of functional layer | Follicular |
| Phase started by LH and marked by secretion of estrogen and progesterone, further growth of functional layer | luteal |
Created by:
Sarsileigh
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