terminology review
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| abortion | the termination of the pregnancy before the fetus reached the age of viability (20 weeks)
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| adnexal | adjacent
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| amenorrhea | the absence or cessation of the menstrual period. amenorrhea occurs normally before puberty, during pregnancy, and after menopause.
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| atypical | deviation from the normal
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| braxton hicks contractions | intermittent and irregular painless uterine contractions that occur throughout pregnancy. they occur more frequently torward the end of pregnancy and are sometimes mistaken for true labor pains
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| cervix | the lower narrow end of the uterus that opens into the vagina
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| colposcope | examination of the cervix using a colposcope (a lighted instrument with a magnifying lens).
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| cytology | the science that deals with the study of cells, including their origin, stucture, function, and pathology
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| dilation (of the cervix) | the stretching of the external os from an opening a few millimeters wide to an opening large enough to allow the passage of an infant (apporximately 10 cm)
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| dysmenorrhea | pain associated with menstrual peroid
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| dyspareunia | pain in the vagina or pelvis experienced by a women during sexual intercourse
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| dysplasia | the growth of abnormal cells. dysplasia is a precancerous condition that may or may not develope intocancer
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| ectocervix | the part of the cervix that projects into the vagina and is lined with stratified squamous epithelium
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| EDD | exspected date of delivery .or due date
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| effacement | the thinning and shortening of the cervical canal from its normal length of 1 to 2cm to a structure with paper-thin edges in which there is no canal at all
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| embryo | the child in utero from the time of conception to the beginning of the trimester
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| endocervix | the mucous membrane lining the cervical canal
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| engagement | the entrance of the fetal head or the presenting part into the pelvic inlet
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| expected date of delivery (EDD) | projected birth date of the infant
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| external os | the opening of the cervical canal of the uterus into the vagina
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| fetal heart rate | the number of times per minute the fetal heart beats
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| fatal heart tones | the sounds of the heartbeat of the fetus heard through the mothers abdominal wall
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| fetus | the child in utero from the third month after conception to birth; during the the first 2 months of development, it is called an embryo
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| fundus | the dome-shaped upper portion of the uterus between the fallopian tubes
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| gestation | the peroid of intrauterine development from conception to birth; the peroid of pregnancy the average pregnancy lasts about 280 days or 40 weeks from the date of conception to childbirth
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| gravidity | the total number of pregnancies a women has had regarding of duration, including a current pregnancy
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| gynecology | the branch of medicine that deals with the disease of reproductive organs of women
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| infant | a child from birth to 12 months of age
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| internal os | the internal opening of the cervical canal into the uterus
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| lochia | a discharge from the uterus after dilivery that consist of blood, tissue, white blood cells, and some bacteria
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| menopause | the permanent cessation of menstruation which usually occurs between the ages 45 to 55
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| menorrhagia | excessive bleeding during menstrual peroid in the number of days or the amount of bleeding or both. alson called dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB)
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| metrorrhagia | bleeding between menstrals
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| multigravida | a women who has been pregnant more than once
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| multipara | a women who has completed two or more pregnancies to the fetal viability regardless of whether thy ended in live infants or stillbirth
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| nullipara | a women who has not carried a pregnancy to the point of fetal viability (20 weeks of gestation)
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| obstetrics | the branch of medicine concerned with the care of a women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartal peroid
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| parity | the condition of having borne offspring regardless of the outcome
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| perimenopause | before the onset of menopause, the phase during which the women with regular peroids changes to irregular cycles and increased peroids of amenorrhea
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| perineum | the external region between the vaginal orifice and the anus in a female and between the scrotum and the anus in a male
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| position | the relation of the presenting part of the fetus to the maternal pelvis
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| postpartum | occuring after childbirth
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| preeclampsia | a major complication of pregnancy, the cause of which is unknown, characterized by increasing hypertension, albuminuria, and edema. if this condition is neglected or not treated preoperly, it may develope into eclampsia, which could cause maternal
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| preeclampsia. | convulsions and coma. preclampsia generally occurs between the 20th week of pregnancy and the end of the first week of postpartum
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| prenatal | before birth
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| presentation | indication of the part of the part of the fetus that is closest to the cervix and is delivered first. a cephalic presentation is a delivery in which the fetal head is presenting against the cervix.
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| preterm birth | delivery occuring between 20 and 37 weeks of gestation regardless of wheather the child was born alive or stillbirth
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| primigravida | a women pregnant for the first ime
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| primipara | a women who has carried a pregnancy to fetal viability (20 weeks of gestation) for the first time, regardless of wheather the infant was stillborn or alive at birth
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| puerperium | the peroid of time, usually 4 to 6 weeksafter delivery, in which the uterus and the body systems are returning to normal
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| quickening | the first movements of the fetus in the utero as felt by the mother, which usually occurs between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation and is felt consistently thereafter
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| risk factor | anything that increases an idividuals chance of developing a disease. some risk factors (e.g smoking ) can be avoided, but others cannot (e.g age and family history)
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| term birth | delivery occuring after 37 weeks of gestation regardless of wheather the infant was born alive or stillborn
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| toxemia | a condition that occurs in pregnant women that includes preeclampsia and eclampsia if preclampsia goes undiagnosed or is not satisfactory controlled it could develope into eclampsia
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| trimester | three months or one third of the gestational peroid of pregnancy
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| vulva | the region of the external female genital organs
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| gestational age | the age of the fetus between conception and birth
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