Fascism+WWII - Terms
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Socialism (communism) | equality of all peoples, democratic in principal; based on economic laws (cant do anything about way society happens); humanitarian ideas; control the economy
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Fascism | unequality of peoples; based on leadership principal (Great Leader); will- if you are strong enough, you can change history; glorifies war and aggression; supervise the economy
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Nazism | fascism on steroids; super patriotism; aryan supremacy; racism; militarism (war is healthy and good); leader principal; law and order; ANTI-COMMUNIST
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Militarism | army leaders run the government; all functions of society geared to benefit the military; success is measured by military conquest and expansion; war is the goal rather than something to be avoided
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Benito Mussolini | seized control of Italy in 1922 (first western facsist dictator); preWWI, revolutionary and socialist; postWWI, turned into nationalist
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Blackshirts | fascists; brawled w/communists and ordinary workers in strikes/summer of 1920
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March on Rome | Blackshirts mobilized and threatened a coup (Mussolini safe in Milan); Italian president refused to sign martal law and cabinet resigned; Mussolini declared premier; techinaclly legal
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Duce | 'leader'; Mussolini's title; denounced democracy, liberalism, capitalism, Marxism, socialism, class awareness; promoted national solidarity, and efficicecy
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Adolf Hiltler | not an intellectual or a socialist- restless ignorant type of radicalism; very race conscience, anti-monarchy/noblity/mixed nationalities/semetic; recieved high honors in WWI
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German Workers Party | Hitler and army's political instruction program (propaganda to keep veterans and workers patriotic and militaristic); hated Weimar democracy; Hitler as leader
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Nazis | Hitler's proclaimed 25 point program; German Workers' Party -> National Socialist German Workers' Party
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Brownshirts | private 'army' of the Nazis; also called storm troopers
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Storm Troopers | private 'army' of the Nazis; also called brownshirts
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Beer Hall Putsch | Hitler and Brownshirts failed rebellion; 'national revlutioon has broken out', but easicly suppressed by police; Hitler went to jail
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Mein Kampt | My Struggle; book Hitler wrote in prison; had personal recollection, racism, nationalism, collectivism, theories of history, etc.; Hitler became figure of national prominence
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Volk | the German people
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Reichstag | Nazis had 230 seats, but later dropped to 196; Hitler named chancellor of coalition cabinet by Papen and Schleicher to share w/Nationalists
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Third Reich | Hitler's new Germany; "last 1000 years"
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Fuhrer | means 'leader'; Hitler's title; represented the 'true German people'
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Nuremberg Laws (1935) | no more citizenship rights to Jews (non-Geman) and no intermarriage/relationship between Jews and non Jews
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Kristallnacht | Nov 9 1938; 'night of broken glass'; Nazis vandalized, looted, and set fire to Jewish shops, homes, and synagogues; beat up thousands
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Holocaust | state organized systematic destruction of Jews; 6 million German and EuropeanJews died in the death camps
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Gestapo | Hitler's secret political police; Geheime Staatspolizei; captured thousands who were killed/detained in permanent concetration camps
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Strength Through Joy | attended to people with small incomes; provided entertainment and vacations to poor, good Germans
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pacifism | the insistence of peace, regardless of concequences; mood felt in the 1930s by western democracies
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Maginot Line | French fortifications on eastern frontier (facing Germany); fR hoped any following wars owuld be defensive
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appeasment | Hitler rages, arouses fear of war, takes a little, "its all I want", Western powers back off, repeat; Hitler creates an emergency and GB and FR let him have his way
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isolationism | US had rigid policy of isolation; no loans, supplies, etc to any Euro country if they've declared war; aggressors benefited
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Locarno agreements | confirmed post WWI boarders; repudiated by Hitler in March 1936 with occupation of Rhineland; neither GB or FR were willing to check Hitler's power
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Anschluss | the union of Germany and Austria in 1938
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Munich Crisis | GB and FR appeased Hitler and allowed him to take German parts of Bohemia; death sentence to Czechoslovakia; showed helpless weakness to western powers
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Francisco Franco | established authoritarian, fasciest rule over Spain
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Rome-Berlin Axis | the diplomatic area where Hitler and mussolini hoped they might infulence
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Sudentenland | area of Czechoslovakia that was primarily German
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Polish Corridor | the Polish area that separated Germany from other Germanic peoples (Pomerelia)
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Edouard Daiadier | French premier
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Luftwaffe | the German air force
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Blitzkreig | lightning warfare; Germany bombs, roll in the tanks, take advantage
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phony war | nothing much happened at first; GB and FR thought they could get away without fighting; little air action; late 1939
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Charles de Gaulle | Frenchmen who led the 'Free French' movement
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Marshal Petain | the parliament that ruled the remaining French republic; 1/3 that wasn't under Nazi direct control; headed authoritarian regime
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Festuna Europa | Fortress of Europe; aka Germay's control over Europe
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Winston Churchill | British prime minister (1940) after Chamberlain; 'blood, sweat, and tears'
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Erwin Romme | leader of German troops in Africa
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Marshal Badogilo | gained power in Italy (August of 1943) after fall of Mussolini
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Harry S. Truman | new US representative at Potsdam conference; decided to drop the bombs
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Clement Attiee | new GB prime minister
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Battle of Britain | air battle between GB and Germany; GB wins
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