WWI - Terms
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| "place in the sun" | a sort of recognition that Germans thought they deserved due to their success; supremacy like that of Great Britain
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| Triple Alliance | Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy and lasted until WWI; if any became involved in war w/2 or more powers, allies would give military aid (force)
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| "splendid isolation" | GB cherished the fact that the country did what it wanted and would form no alliances w/continental states; therefore, international relations were very bad
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| Triple Entente | GB and France, Russia; only a close understanding, neither side said what it would do if war
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| "Union of Death" | Bosnian revolutionary group that completed the assassination of heir to Hapsburg empire, Franz Ferdinand
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| Black Hand | nickname given to the unknown man who actually killed Franz Ferdinand; acted w/out knowledge of Servian officials
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| Sarajevo | Bosnian capital (in Austrian Empire); where Franz Ferdinand was killed
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| "blank check" | Germnay told AH to be firm w/the Servs; so AH posed strict terms on the Serbs, who knew Russia would help and terms were too strict to accept; not accepted
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| Edward Grey | GB foreign secretary during WWI
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| Wilhelm (William) II | German emperor at time of WWI
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| Central Powers | Germany and Austria Hungary; former Triple Alliance minus Italy
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| Allies | GB, Russia, France, Italy, and US; former Triple Entente plus Italy and US
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| Schlieffen Plan | first, defeat France as quickly as possible by moving through Belgium, then more leisurely against Russia; fails
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| Marne | September 5-12; Germany had to retreat against France; hope of France falling in one attack was ended; first major battle on the western front; stalemate on western front
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| Tannenburg | first major battle on Eastern Front; Russian losses are heavy, but they keep fighting
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| Gallipoli | GB and France attempt to open communication w/Russia and assist them; fails
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| Jutland | Major naval battle between GB and Germany in the North Sea w/no clear winner
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| Verdun | German offensive on Western Front w/the hope of breaking the stalemate-fails
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| Somme | French and GB offensive on the western front w/the hope of breaking the stalemate; fails
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| contraband | goods headed for a country at war; munitions and raw materials that can be used for military equipment
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| noncontraband | goods headed for a country at war; food and raw cotton; suppossed to be able to import this during wartime; ignored by Allies
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| Lusitania | a British sealiner that the German submarines topedoed; 1200 people died (118 Americans); carried war munitions and Germany had warned America
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| Zimmerman Telegram | Zimmerman (German foreign affairs) sent telegram to Mexico City- if Mexico joins Germany, they will regain their lost territories; intercepted and decoded by GB
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| Zionists | saw impending Ottoman collapse as an opportunity to have a Jewish state
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| "Jewish homeland" | backed by GB; Jewish state in Palestine that had been Arab for over 1000 years
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| Woodrow Wilson | campaigned on 'he kept us out of war' but eventually joined w/Allies; controlling anarchic nationalism and preventing war in the future
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| Joseph Joffre | British recruitment campaign to supplement troop levels (formed by him)
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| Nicholas II | Russian czar who abdicated on March 15 1917
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| Provisional Government | took over after Nicholas II left; made of liberal noblemen and middleclass leaders; didn't pull out of WWI
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| V.I. Lenin | leader of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Marxist party (more extreme); spent war years away, returned in 1917; LENINBOMB!!!!!!!1!!!!ONE!!!!
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| Petrograd | St. Petersburg's name during WWI; coolest soviet
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| Bolsheviks | more extreme Marxists; led by enin; won power in Nov 1917; want peace w/Germany
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| Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | Bolsheviks vanted to stop war w/Germnany so gave up Poland, Ukraine, Finaldn, Baltic to leave war; Lenin didnt care, believed in worldwide communist revolution
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| Ferdinand Foch | commander in cheif of all Allied forces in France w/national commanders subordinate to him
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| pershing | American commander in France
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| Argonne | final Allied Offensive; Germany realized it couldn't win WWI (forest in eastern France); Germany might have to face invasion
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| convoying | made effective for the US because of larger naval base; ships protecting other ships (naval protecting cargo)
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| Reichstag | the German congress; forced to sign Treaty of Versailles
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| Ludenoff | leader of German military and a freakin genius; knew Germany is screwed, so allows negotiation; why? 'buy some time' to recoup, but really so h can blame the loss on the Weimar Republic; saving face and using gov as scapegoat instead of military
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| Weimar Republic | the forced German republic ecause of war; democracy has little chance of surviving in Germany- its democracy's fault that we lost the war; easy to be scapegoat: nothing was fought in Germany, people plumped w/propoganda during war (thought G. was winning)
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| planned economy | the state attempted to control all wealth, resources, and moral to one end/causes; gov controls economy in WWI
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| rationalization | coordination of production in the interests of the whole country; no more strikes, dress/eat modestly
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| conscription | allocation of manpower; men were drafed pretty much no matter what to fight
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| war socialism | due to less supplies, gov controls became more thourough and efficient; again, gov controls economy; gov wont want to give up this power after the war, so Europe becomes more socialist after the war
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| profiteers | those who exploited shortages to make big money
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| Treaty of Versailles | the German treaty between Allies and Germany; either too harsh, or too nice, either way, doesnt work; Wilson's baby, but US doesnt even sign it (age of isolationism)
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| Fourteen Points | peace established; end secret diplomacy and treaties, freedom of seas, remove barriers of int. trade, reduce arms, readjust colonies, self determination, international pol. organization to avoid war; very idealized
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| Big Four | US (Wilson), England (Lloyd George), France (Clemenceau), Italy (Orlando)
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| League of Nations | permanent int. body where all nations should meet and discuss/settle disputes; no resorting to war; maintain sovereignty; Wilson uses League of Nations as a compromising point- give me this, and you can punish Germany; Us: "HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA...no"
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| Anglo-French-Am Treaty | GB and US would join FR if it was attacked by Germans; Alsace and Lorraine to Fr, protected by Allied forces; US: "HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA...no"
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| mandates | ability of Great Powers to control a coloney but not 'own it'; still free/independent under League of Nations; former colonies of the losing countries
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| Hall of Mirrors | 2 abashed Germans were forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles here; sticking it to the Germans
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| cordon sanitaire | the gap from Finland to Romania that used to be in the Russian Empire; essentially a buffer zone against communism
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| reparation | money from damages that Germany was ordered to pay
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