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WWI - Terms
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| "place in the sun" | a sort of recognition that Germans thought they deserved due to their success; supremacy like that of Great Britain |
| Triple Alliance | Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy and lasted until WWI; if any became involved in war w/2 or more powers, allies would give military aid (force) |
| "splendid isolation" | GB cherished the fact that the country did what it wanted and would form no alliances w/continental states; therefore, international relations were very bad |
| Triple Entente | GB and France, Russia; only a close understanding, neither side said what it would do if war |
| "Union of Death" | Bosnian revolutionary group that completed the assassination of heir to Hapsburg empire, Franz Ferdinand |
| Black Hand | nickname given to the unknown man who actually killed Franz Ferdinand; acted w/out knowledge of Servian officials |
| Sarajevo | Bosnian capital (in Austrian Empire); where Franz Ferdinand was killed |
| "blank check" | Germnay told AH to be firm w/the Servs; so AH posed strict terms on the Serbs, who knew Russia would help and terms were too strict to accept; not accepted |
| Edward Grey | GB foreign secretary during WWI |
| Wilhelm (William) II | German emperor at time of WWI |
| Central Powers | Germany and Austria Hungary; former Triple Alliance minus Italy |
| Allies | GB, Russia, France, Italy, and US; former Triple Entente plus Italy and US |
| Schlieffen Plan | first, defeat France as quickly as possible by moving through Belgium, then more leisurely against Russia; fails |
| Marne | September 5-12; Germany had to retreat against France; hope of France falling in one attack was ended; first major battle on the western front; stalemate on western front |
| Tannenburg | first major battle on Eastern Front; Russian losses are heavy, but they keep fighting |
| Gallipoli | GB and France attempt to open communication w/Russia and assist them; fails |
| Jutland | Major naval battle between GB and Germany in the North Sea w/no clear winner |
| Verdun | German offensive on Western Front w/the hope of breaking the stalemate-fails |
| Somme | French and GB offensive on the western front w/the hope of breaking the stalemate; fails |
| contraband | goods headed for a country at war; munitions and raw materials that can be used for military equipment |
| noncontraband | goods headed for a country at war; food and raw cotton; suppossed to be able to import this during wartime; ignored by Allies |
| Lusitania | a British sealiner that the German submarines topedoed; 1200 people died (118 Americans); carried war munitions and Germany had warned America |
| Zimmerman Telegram | Zimmerman (German foreign affairs) sent telegram to Mexico City- if Mexico joins Germany, they will regain their lost territories; intercepted and decoded by GB |
| Zionists | saw impending Ottoman collapse as an opportunity to have a Jewish state |
| "Jewish homeland" | backed by GB; Jewish state in Palestine that had been Arab for over 1000 years |
| Woodrow Wilson | campaigned on 'he kept us out of war' but eventually joined w/Allies; controlling anarchic nationalism and preventing war in the future |
| Joseph Joffre | British recruitment campaign to supplement troop levels (formed by him) |
| Nicholas II | Russian czar who abdicated on March 15 1917 |
| Provisional Government | took over after Nicholas II left; made of liberal noblemen and middleclass leaders; didn't pull out of WWI |
| V.I. Lenin | leader of the Bolshevik faction of the Russian Marxist party (more extreme); spent war years away, returned in 1917; LENINBOMB!!!!!!!1!!!!ONE!!!! |
| Petrograd | St. Petersburg's name during WWI; coolest soviet |
| Bolsheviks | more extreme Marxists; led by enin; won power in Nov 1917; want peace w/Germany |
| Treaty of Brest-Litovsk | Bolsheviks vanted to stop war w/Germnany so gave up Poland, Ukraine, Finaldn, Baltic to leave war; Lenin didnt care, believed in worldwide communist revolution |
| Ferdinand Foch | commander in cheif of all Allied forces in France w/national commanders subordinate to him |
| pershing | American commander in France |
| Argonne | final Allied Offensive; Germany realized it couldn't win WWI (forest in eastern France); Germany might have to face invasion |
| convoying | made effective for the US because of larger naval base; ships protecting other ships (naval protecting cargo) |
| Reichstag | the German congress; forced to sign Treaty of Versailles |
| Ludenoff | leader of German military and a freakin genius; knew Germany is screwed, so allows negotiation; why? 'buy some time' to recoup, but really so h can blame the loss on the Weimar Republic; saving face and using gov as scapegoat instead of military |
| Weimar Republic | the forced German republic ecause of war; democracy has little chance of surviving in Germany- its democracy's fault that we lost the war; easy to be scapegoat: nothing was fought in Germany, people plumped w/propoganda during war (thought G. was winning) |
| planned economy | the state attempted to control all wealth, resources, and moral to one end/causes; gov controls economy in WWI |
| rationalization | coordination of production in the interests of the whole country; no more strikes, dress/eat modestly |
| conscription | allocation of manpower; men were drafed pretty much no matter what to fight |
| war socialism | due to less supplies, gov controls became more thourough and efficient; again, gov controls economy; gov wont want to give up this power after the war, so Europe becomes more socialist after the war |
| profiteers | those who exploited shortages to make big money |
| Treaty of Versailles | the German treaty between Allies and Germany; either too harsh, or too nice, either way, doesnt work; Wilson's baby, but US doesnt even sign it (age of isolationism) |
| Fourteen Points | peace established; end secret diplomacy and treaties, freedom of seas, remove barriers of int. trade, reduce arms, readjust colonies, self determination, international pol. organization to avoid war; very idealized |
| Big Four | US (Wilson), England (Lloyd George), France (Clemenceau), Italy (Orlando) |
| League of Nations | permanent int. body where all nations should meet and discuss/settle disputes; no resorting to war; maintain sovereignty; Wilson uses League of Nations as a compromising point- give me this, and you can punish Germany; Us: "HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA...no" |
| Anglo-French-Am Treaty | GB and US would join FR if it was attacked by Germans; Alsace and Lorraine to Fr, protected by Allied forces; US: "HAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHA...no" |
| mandates | ability of Great Powers to control a coloney but not 'own it'; still free/independent under League of Nations; former colonies of the losing countries |
| Hall of Mirrors | 2 abashed Germans were forced to sign the Treaty of Versailles here; sticking it to the Germans |
| cordon sanitaire | the gap from Finland to Romania that used to be in the Russian Empire; essentially a buffer zone against communism |
| reparation | money from damages that Germany was ordered to pay |
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