Med Neuro Lect3 Neuronal Mechanisms Part 2
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| show | GLIAL CELLS.
1.Astrocytes (protoplasmic and fibrous).
2.Oligodendrocytes.
3.Microglial cells.
**all 3 aid in development and maintenance of neurons & Synapses.
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| 3 main functions of Astrocytes (50% of cells in the CNS) | show 🗑
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| show | Proliferation of astrocytes which forms glial scars.
**Can be hamrful.
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| show | NO, it is MOSTLY covered by end feet of astrocytes, the rest are locations of Axosomatic synapses.
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| When might you see a fibrous gliosis? | show 🗑
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| show | NO, they can wrap/myelinate and support multiple axons at a time.
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| Describe the myelin sheath that the Oligodendrocytes wrap around axons | show 🗑
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| show | Heavily myelinated bridge b/w right and left hemispheres of the brain (will appear very white due all myelination).
**Will see plaques there with MS due to overactive microglial cells.
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| show | Ectoderm.
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| What are Microglial cells derived from? | show 🗑
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| What will cause a proliferation of Microglial cells? what is their function? | show 🗑
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| show | MICROGLIAL CELLS:
1.Interleukin-1.
2.Interleukin-6.
3.Tumor necrosis factor.
4.Transforming growth factor.
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| show | 1.Ependymal cells (line the ventricles).
2.Choroid plexus (proliferating ependymal cells that produce CSF by acting like a glomerulus found in EACH ventricle).
3.Pial cells (flattened cells lining entire brain minus ventricles).
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| show | Ependymal cells.
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| show | Interventricular foramen.
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| Where does the 3rd ventricle lie? what connects it to the 4th ventricle? | show 🗑
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| show | It drains into the subarachnoid space via 3 foramina (2 lateral, 1 medial).
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| show | YES. The CSF it prodcues only circulates b/w the ventricles and subarachnoid space.
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| Is CSF production under neurogenic control? if so, what Inc or Dec production? | show 🗑
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| show | 500-600mL per day (40% is extruded off ventricular wall).
**Movement results from a hydrostatic gradient between ventricles and venous channels. Ventricular pressure can be 180 mm of water while that of the superior sagittal sinus is 90 mm of water
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| 2 ways CSF drains from the subarachnoid space | show 🗑
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| show | 1.Waste removal.
2.Helps brain combat gravity by providing a floating material.
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| Hydrocephalus | show 🗑
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| show | Brain becomes erroded.
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| What does hydrocephalus sometimes follow? (due to the increased dead brain tissue draining into the CSF and clogging the drainage pathways) | show 🗑
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