Med Neuro Lect3 Neuronal Mechanisms Part 2
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| What accounts for 90% of the cells in the CNS? what are the 3 main types? | show 🗑
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| show | 1.Metabolic compartmentation.
2.Synaptogenesis.
3.Tissue Repair (gliosis).
**Form the BBB and traffic nutrients and waste in and out of neuronal somas (compartmentalize & protect brain).
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| What is Gliosis? | show 🗑
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| Is the neuronal cell membrane exposed to the extracellular? | show 🗑
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| show | After a stroke
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| Are Oligodendrocytes limited to supporting only ONE axon like Schwann cells are? | show 🗑
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| Describe the myelin sheath that the Oligodendrocytes wrap around axons | show 🗑
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| show | Heavily myelinated bridge b/w right and left hemispheres of the brain (will appear very white due all myelination).
**Will see plaques there with MS due to overactive microglial cells.
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| show | Ectoderm.
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| show | Monocytes that have migrated out of the BL into the brain.
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| show | Damage to the brain, or to the BBB (allows more macrophages to migrate out of the BL).
**They Phagocytize the damaged neurons (serve as the immune system of the brian).
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| show | MICROGLIAL CELLS:
1.Interleukin-1.
2.Interleukin-6.
3.Tumor necrosis factor.
4.Transforming growth factor.
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| show | 1.Ependymal cells (line the ventricles).
2.Choroid plexus (proliferating ependymal cells that produce CSF by acting like a glomerulus found in EACH ventricle).
3.Pial cells (flattened cells lining entire brain minus ventricles).
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| Since the brain is protected by BBB and linings, how do hormones and ions reach the BL from the Hypothalamus? | show 🗑
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| show | Interventricular foramen.
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| Where does the 3rd ventricle lie? what connects it to the 4th ventricle? | show 🗑
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| show | It drains into the subarachnoid space via 3 foramina (2 lateral, 1 medial).
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| show | YES. The CSF it prodcues only circulates b/w the ventricles and subarachnoid space.
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| show | YES.
**SNS adrenergic system DEC production.
**PNS cholinergic system INC production (by 2X).
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| show | 500-600mL per day (40% is extruded off ventricular wall).
**Movement results from a hydrostatic gradient between ventricles and venous channels. Ventricular pressure can be 180 mm of water while that of the superior sagittal sinus is 90 mm of water
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| show | 1.Subarachnoid granules of superior sagittal sinus.
2.Spinal granulations of spinal nerves.
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| 2 main functions of CSF | show 🗑
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| Hydrocephalus | show 🗑
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| show | Brain becomes erroded.
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| show | STROKE (will develope rapidly afterwards if this occurs).
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