bonewit chapter 8
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abortion | the termination of the pregnancy before the fetus reached the age of viability (20 weeks)
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Adnexal | adjacent
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amenorrhea | the absence of cessation of the menstrual period. Amenorrhea occurs normally before puberty during pregnancy, and after menopause
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atypical | deviation from the normal
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braxton hicks contractions | intermittent and irregular painless uterine contractions that occur throughout pregnancy they occur more frequently toward the end of pregnancy and are sometimes mistaken for true labor pains
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cervix | the lower narrow end of the uterus that opens into the vagina
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colposcopy | examination of the cervix using a colposcopy
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cytology | the science that deals with the study of cells including their orgin structure function and pathology
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dilation | the stretching of the external os from an opening a few millimeters wide to an opening large enough to allow the passage of an infant
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dysmenorrhea | pain associated with the menstrual period
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dyspareunia | pain in the vagina or pelvis ecperienced by a woman during sexual intercourse
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dysplasis | the growth of abnormal cells. dysplasia is precancerous condition that may or may not develop
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ectocervix | the part of the cervix that projects into the vagina and is lined with stratified squamous epithelium
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EDD | expected date of delivery or due date
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Effacement | The thinning and shortening of the cervival canal from its normal lenght of 1 to 2 cm to a structure with paper thin edges in which there is no canal at all.
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embryo | the child in utero from the time of conception to the beginning of the first trimester
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endocervix | the mucous membrane lining the cervical canal
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engagement | the entrance of the fetal head or the presenting part into the pelvic inlet
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expected date of delivery (EDD) | projected birth date of the infant
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external OS | the opening of the cervical canal of the uterus into the vagina
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fetal heart rate | the number of times per minute the fetal heart beats
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fetal heart tones | the sounds of the heartbeat of the fetus heard through the others abdominal wall
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fetus | the child in utero from the third month after conception to birth; during the first 2 months of development it is called an embryo
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fundus | the done shaped upper portion of the uterus between the fallopian tubes
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gestation | the period of intrauterine development from conception to birth; the period of pregnancy. the average pregnancy lasts about 280 days or 40 weeks from the date of conception
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gestational age | the age of the fetus between conception and birth
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gravidity | the total number of pregnancies a woman has had regardles of duration, including a current pregnancy
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gynecology | the branch of medicine that deals with the diseases of reproductive organs of women
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infant | a child from birth to 12 months of age
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internal os | the internal opening of the cervical canal into the uterus
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lochia | a discharge from the uterus after delivery that consists of blood tissue white blood cells and some bacteria
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menopause | the permanent cessation of menstruation which ushually occurs between the ages of 45 and 55
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menorrhagia | excessive bleeding during a menstrual period in the number of days or the amount of blood or both. also called dysfunctional uterine bleeding
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metorrhagia | bleeding between menstrual periods
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multigravida | a woman who has been pregnant
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multipara | a women who has completed two or more pregnancies to the age of fetal viability regardless of whether they ended in live infants or still birth
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nullipara | a woman who has not carried a pregnancy to the point of fetal viabitity
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obstetrics | the branch of medicine concerned with the care of the women during pregnancy childbirth and the postpartal period
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parity | the condition of having borne offspring regardless of the outcome
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perimenopause | before the onset of menopause the phase during which the woman with regular periods changes to irregular cycles and increased periods of amenorrhea
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perineum | the external region between the vaginal orifie and the anus in a female and between the scrotum and the anus in a male
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position | the relation of the presenting part of the fetus to the maternal pelvis
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postpartum | occurring after child birth
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preeclampsia | a major complication of pregnancy the cause of which is unknown characterized by increasing hypertension, albuminuria and edema
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prenatal | before birth
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presentation | indication of the part of the fetus that is closest to the cervix and is delivered first.
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preterm birth | delivery occurring between 20 and 37 weeks of gestation regardless of whether the child was born alive or still born
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primigravida | a women who is pregnant for hte first time
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primipara | a woman who has carried a pregnancy to fetal viability for the first time regardless of whether the infant was still borne or alive at birth
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puerperium | the period of time, ushually 4 to 6 weeks after delivery in which the uterus and the body systems are returning to normal
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quickening | the first movement of the fetus in utero as felt by the mother which usually occurs between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation and is felt consistently there after
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risk factor | anything that increases an indiciuals chance of developing a disease some risk factors can be avoided but others cannot
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term birth | delivery occurring after 37 weejs of gestation regardless of whether the infant was born alive or still born
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toxemia | a condition that can occur in pregnant women that includes preeclampsia and eclampsia. if preeclampsia goes undiagnosed or not satisfactorily controlled it could develop into eclampsia characterized by conclusions and coma
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trimester | 3 months or one 3rd of the gestational period of pregnancy
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vulva | the region of the external female genital organs
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