Bonewit Chapter 8
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| Abortion | The termination of the pregnancy before the fetus reached the age of viability (20 weeks).
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| Adnexal | Adjacent.
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| Amenorrhea | The absence or cessation of the menstrual period.
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| Atypical | Deviation from the normal.
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| Braxton Hicks contractions | Intermittent and irregular painless uterine constraction that occur throughout pregnancy.
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| Cervix | The lower narrow end of the uterus that opens into the vagina.
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| Colposcopy | Examiniation of the cervix using a colposcope (a lighted instrument with a magnifying lens).
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| Cytology | The science that deals with the study of cells, including their origin, structure, function, and pathology.
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| Dilation (of the cervix) | The stretching of the external os from an opening a few millimeters wide to an opening large enough to allow the passage of an infant (approximately 10 cm).
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| Dysmenorrhea | Pain associated with the menstrual period.
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| Dyspareunia | Pain in the vagina or pelvis experienced by a woman during sexual intercourse.
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| Dysplasia | The growth of abnormal cells. Dysplasia is a precancerous condition that may or may not develop into cancer.
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| Ectocervix | The part of the cervix that projects into the vagina and is lined with stratified squamous epithelium.
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| EDD | Expected date of delivery, or due date.
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| Effacement | The thinning and shortening of the cervical canal from its normal length of 1 to 2 cm to a structure with paper-thin edges in which there is no canal at all.
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| Embryo | The child in utero from the time of conception to the beginning of the first trimester.
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| Endocervix | The mucous membrane lining the cervical canal.
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| Engagement | The entrance of the fetal head or the presenting part into the pelvic inlet.
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| Expected date of delivery (EDD) | Projected birth date of the infant.
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| External os | The opening of the cervical canal of the uterus into te vagina.
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| Fetal heart rate | The number of times per minute the fetal heart beats.
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| Fetal heart tones | The sounds of the heartbeat of the fetus heard through the mother's abdominal wall.
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| Fetus | The child in utero from the third month after conception to birth; during the first 2 months of development, it is called an embryo.
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| Fundus | The dome-shaped upper portion of the uterus between the fallopian tubes.
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| Gestation | The period of intrauterine development from conception to birth; the period of pregnancy.
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| Gestational age | The age of the fetus between conception and birth.
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| Gravidity | The total number of pregnancies a woman had had regardless of duration, including a current pregnancy.
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| Gynecology | The branch of medicine that deals with the diseases of reproductive organs of women.
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| Infant | A child from birth to 12 months of age.
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| Internal os | The internal opening of the cervical canal into the uterus.
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| Lochia | A discharge from the uterus after delivery that consists of blood, tissue, white blood cells, and some bacteria.
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| Menopause | The permanent cessation of menstruation, which usually occurs between the ages of 45 and 55.
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| Menorrhagia | Excessive bleeding during a menstrual period, in the number of days or the amount of blood or both.
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| Metrorrhagia | Bleeding between menstrual periods.
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| Multigravida | A woman who has been pregnant more than once.
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| Multipara | A woman who had completed two or more pregnancies to te age of fetal viability regardless of whether they ended in live infants or stillbirths.
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| Nullipara | A woman who has not carried a pregnancy to the point of fetal viability (20 weeks of gestation).
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| Obstetrics | The branch of medicine concerned with the care of the woman during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartal period.
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| Parity | The condition of having borne offspring regardless of the outcome.
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| Perimenopause | Before the onset of menopause, the phase during which the woman with regular periods change to irregular cycles and increased periods of amenorrhea.
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| Perineum | The external region between the vaginal orifice and the anus in a female and between the scrotum and the anus in a male.
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| Position | The relation of presenting part of the fetus to the maternal pelvis.
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| Postpartum | Occurring after childbirth.
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| Preeclampsia | A major complication of pregnancy, the cause of which is unknown, characterized by increasing hypertension, albuminuria, and edema.
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| Prenatal | Before birth.
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| Presentation | Indication of the part of the fetus that is closest to the cervix and is delivered first.
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| Preterm birth | Delivery occurring between 20 and 37 weeks of gestation regardless of whether the child was born alive or stillborn.
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| Primigravida | A woman who is pregnant for the first time.
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| Primipara | A woman who has carried a pregnancy to fetal viability (20 weeks of gestation) for the first time, regardless if whether the infant was stillborn or alive at birth.
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| Puerperium | The period of time, usually 4 to 6 weeks after delivery, in which the uterus and the body systems are returning to normal.
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| Quickening | The first movements of the fetus in utero as felt by the mother, which usually occurs between 16 and 20 weeks of gestation and is felt consistently there-after.
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| Risk factor | Anything that increases an individual's chance of developing a disease.
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| Term birth | Delivery occurring after 37 weeks of gestation regardless of whether the infant was born alive or stillborn.
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| Toxemia | A condition that can occur in pregnant women that includes preeclampsia and eclampsia.
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| Timester | Three months, or one third, of the gestational period of pregnancy.
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| Vulva | The region of the external female genital organs.
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