BIO202 - Ch 16 - Thyroid Gland - Marieb/Hoehn - RioSalado - AZ
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| What is often referred to as body's major metabolic hormone? | TH - thyroid hormone
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| __ affects virtually every cell in the body. | TH - by stimulating a calorigenic effect
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| T1,T2, T3, & T4 differ from each other in what way? | The number of iodine attached to tyrosine.
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| Most T3 is generated in __. | Peripheral tissues
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| The inital response to TSH bonding is __. | Secretion of thyroid hormone.
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| What is synthesized to "restock" follicle lumen? | Colloid
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| Why is thyroid gland unique? | Ability to store its hormone extracellularly & in large quantities.
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| Most released T4 & T3 immediately bind to __. | TBGs (thyroxine-binding globulins) - transport proteins produced by liver.
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| TH enters target cell & binds to __. | intracellular receptors in nucleus - initiates mRNA transcription.
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| Hypothyroid syndrome is called __. | myxedema
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| What are the symptoms of myxedema? | Low metabolic rate, edema, lethargy & mental sluggishness
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| Endemic goiter caused by? | Enlarged thyroid due to lack of iodine. Follicle cells produce colloid but cannot iodinate it.
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| Hypothyroidism in children in called __. | Cretinism - developmental abnormalities & mental retardation.
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| What is Graves' disease? | Hyperthyroid - autoimmune disease - protrusion of eyeballs & elevated metabolic rate.
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| Calcitonin is? | Hormone produced by parafollicular (C) cells of thyroid gland - lowers blood Ca2+
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| What effect does calcitonin have? | Lower blood Ca2+ levels - targets skeleton & inhibits osteoclast activity
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