BIO202 - CH16 - Cyclic AMP - Marieb/Hoehn - RioSalado - AZ
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| What is cyclic AMP? | Intracellular 2nd messenger - mediates effects of 1st (extracellular) messenger; formed from ATP by membrane enzyme (adenylate cyclase).
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| Except for thyroid hormone, all amino-acid based hormones exert their signaling effects through __. | intracellular 2nd messengers
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| Name the 3 plasma membrane components that interact in cyclic AMP (cAMP). | Hormone receptor, G protein (signal transducer) & adenylate cyclase (effector enzyme)
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| What is the first messenger in cyclic AMP signaling? | The hormones binding to its receptor
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| What does the binding of a hormone cause in cAMP signaling? | The receptor to change shape & bind to G protein
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| G protein is activated as __ is displaced by high energy compound __. | GDP (guanosine diphosphate), GTP (guanosine triphosphate)
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| G protein behaves like a light switch. It is off when __ is bound to it & on when __ binds. | GDP, GTP
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| Activated G protein binds to what? | the effector enzyme adenylate cyclase
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| G proteins can __ or __ adenlyate cyclase. | stimulate or inhibit
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| If activated, adenylate cyclase generates __. | cAMP (2nd messenger) from ATP
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| cAMP triggers activation of __. | Protein Kinase A
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| What are protein kinases? | Enzymes that phosphorylate (add phosphate group) various proteins
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| Active protein kinase A triggers what? | Responses of target cell - opens ion channels, activates, enzymes, etc.
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| Each activated adenylate cyclase generates __. | Large #s of cAMP molecules & can catalyze 100s of reactions.
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| Theoretically, one hormone molecule binding can generate __. | millions of final product molecules.
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| cAMP is rapidly degraded by __. | phosphodiesterase - intracellular enzyme
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| Since phosphodiesterase rapidly destroys cAMP, continued cellular activity is prompted by __. | continued production of hormones.
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| Some G proteins inhibit adenylate cyclase & __. | reduce cAMP concentration.
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