Child Health
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| active acquired immunity | form of long-term immunity; protects the body against a new infection as the result of antibodies that develop naturally; received with shots or disease
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| apical pulse | heart rate heard with a stethoscope
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| apnea | absence of spontaneous respiration
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| axillary temperature | body temperature as recorded by the armpit
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| congenital | present at birth
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| crackles | common abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, characterized by discontinuous bubbling noises
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| cyanosis | bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes
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| deciduous teeth | baby teeth, also known as primary
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| dentition | eruption of teeth; 20 primary (deciduous) teeth
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| development | increase in function and complexity
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| febrile | pertaining to or characterized by an elevated body temperature
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| friction rub | dry, grating sound heard during auscultation
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| growth | increase in the whole or any of its parts physically
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| grunting | abnormal, short audible deep, hoarse sounds in exhalation that often accompany severe chest pain
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| head circumference | measurement around the greatest circumference of the head of an infant
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| hydrocephalus | pathological condition, abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid; also called hydrocephaly; abnormal increase of cerebrospinal fluid
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| immunity | quality of being insusceptible to a particular disease or condition
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| immunization | process by which resistance to an infectious disease is induced
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| infant | a child - first month after birth to approximately 12 months of age
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| length (recumbent) | distance from the crown of the infant's head to the infant's heel (legs extended)
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| lumbar puncture | introduction of a hollow needle and stylet into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar portion of the spinal canal to optain specimens of cerebrospinal fluid
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| microcephalus | congenital anomaly characterized by abnormal smallness of the head
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| natural immunity | innate and permanent form of immunity to a specific disease; received at birth
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| neonatologist | medical doctor who specializes in neonatology
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| neonatology | specialty concerned with the diseases and abnormalities of the newborn infant
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| nomogram | graphic representation, by any of various systems, of a numeric relationship
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| omphalitits | inflammation of the umbilical stump
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| omphalocele | congenital herniation of intra-abdominal viscera
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| omphalorrhea | drainage from the umbilicus
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| oral temperature | thermometer placed in the mouth
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| passive acquired immunity | form of acquired immunity, antibodies that are transmitted naturally through the placenta to a fetus through colostrum, artificially by injection of antiserum; received from mother while in utero
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| pediatrician | physician who specializes in pediatrics
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| pediatric nurse practitioner | registered nurse with advanced study and clinical practice in pediatric nursing
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| pediatrics | pertaining to preventive and primary health care and treatment of children
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| primary teeth | baby teeth; also known as deciduous teeth
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| prodromal | pertaining to early signs or symptoms that mark the onset of a disease
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| pyrexia | fever
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| rectal temperature | temperature as measured in the rectum
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| recumbent | lying down
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| retraction | displacement of tissues to expose a part or structure of the body
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| stature | natural height of a person in an upright position
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| stridor | abnormal, high-pitched, musical sound caused by an obstruction in the trachea or larynx
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| toxoid | toxin that has been treated with chemicals or with heat to decrease its toxic effect, ability to cause the production of antibodies
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| tympananic temperature | temperature at the tympanic membrane; eardrum
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| vaccine | suspension of attenuated or killed microorganisms administered intradermally, intramuscularly, orally, or subcutaneously to induce active immunity to infectious disease
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| vertex | top of the head; crown
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| well-child visit | routine health visit in which health professionals assess the current health status of the child
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| chickenpox (varicella) | viral disease; successive eruptions of macules, papules, and vesicles on the skin followed by crusting over of the lesions with a granular scab
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| diphtheria | serious infectious disease affecting the nose, pharynx, or larynx; resulting in sore throat, dysphonia (difficult speaking or hoarseness), and fever
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| erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) | viral disease characterized by "slapped cheeks," fiery red rash on the cheeks
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| impetigo | contagious superficial skin infection characterized by serous vesicles and pustules filled with millions of staphlococcus or streptococcus bacteria
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| mumps (infectious parotitis) | viral disease characterized by fever, swelling, and tenderness of one or more salivary glands
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| pertussis (whooping cough) | acute upper respiratory infectious disease; early stages of pertussis are suggestive of the common cold, with slight elevation of fever, sneezing, rhinitis, dry cough, irritability, and loss of appetite
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| rubella (German measles; 3-day measles) | mild febrile (fever causing) infectious disease resembling both scarlet fever and measles, differing from these in its short course; characterized by a rash of both macules and papules
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| rubeola (red measles, 7-day measles) | acute, highly communicable viral disease begins as an upper respiratory disorder with fever, sore throat, cough, runny nose, sensitivity to light, and possible conjunctivitis; typical red, blotchy rash; rash last five days; Koplik's spots in mouth
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| scarlet fever | acute, contagious disease characterized by sore throat, abrupt high fever, increased pulse, strawberry tongue (red and swollen), and punctiform (pointlike) rash
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| asthma | paroxysmal dyspnea (severe attack of difficult breathing), accompanied by wheezing caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of the mucous membrane
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| cleft lip and palate | congenital defect in which there is an open space between the nasal cavity and the lip; failure of the hard palate to fuse, resulting in a fissure
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| croup | childhood disease characterized by a barking cough, stridor, and laryngeal spasm
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| cryptorchidism | undescended testicle(s)
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| Down syndrome | congenital condition characterized by multiple defects and varying degrees of mental retardation; trisomy 21
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| dwarfism | generalized growth retardation of the body due to the deficiency of the human growth hormone
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| epispadias | congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the upper side of the penis
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| gigantism | proportional overgrowth of the body's tissue due to the hypersecretion of the human growth hormone
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| hyaline membrane disease | respiratory distress syndrome; severe impairment of the function of respiration in the premature newborn
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| hydrocele | accumulation of fluid in any saclike cavity or duct (particularly the scrotal sac or along the spermatic cord)
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| hypospadias | congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the underside of the penis
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| intussuception | telescoping of a portion of proximal intestine into the distal intestine, causing an obstruction; intermittent, severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and "currant jelly stool"
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| patent ductus arteriosus | abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth
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| phimosis | tightness of the foreskin
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| Reye's syndrome | marked by serve edema of the brain and increased intracranial pressure, hypoglycemia, and fatty infiltration and dysfunction of the liver; linked to aspirin in children 18 and younger
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| Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) | serious form of child abuse, group of unique symptoms resulting from repetitive violent shaking
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| spina bifida occulta | congenital defect of the central nervous system in which the back portion of one or more vertebrae is not closed
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| sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) | unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well, or virtually well, infant
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| Tay-Sachs disease | congenital disorder caused by altered lipid metabolism due to an enzyme deficiency
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| umbilical hernia | outward protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall
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| heel puncture | method of obtaining a blood sample from a newborn or premature infant by making a shallow puncture; surface of the heel (also called a heel stick)
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