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Chap19 AR
Child Health
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| active acquired immunity | form of long-term immunity; protects the body against a new infection as the result of antibodies that develop naturally; received with shots or disease |
| apical pulse | heart rate heard with a stethoscope |
| apnea | absence of spontaneous respiration |
| axillary temperature | body temperature as recorded by the armpit |
| congenital | present at birth |
| crackles | common abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, characterized by discontinuous bubbling noises |
| cyanosis | bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes |
| deciduous teeth | baby teeth, also known as primary |
| dentition | eruption of teeth; 20 primary (deciduous) teeth |
| development | increase in function and complexity |
| febrile | pertaining to or characterized by an elevated body temperature |
| friction rub | dry, grating sound heard during auscultation |
| growth | increase in the whole or any of its parts physically |
| grunting | abnormal, short audible deep, hoarse sounds in exhalation that often accompany severe chest pain |
| head circumference | measurement around the greatest circumference of the head of an infant |
| hydrocephalus | pathological condition, abnormal accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid; also called hydrocephaly; abnormal increase of cerebrospinal fluid |
| immunity | quality of being insusceptible to a particular disease or condition |
| immunization | process by which resistance to an infectious disease is induced |
| infant | a child - first month after birth to approximately 12 months of age |
| length (recumbent) | distance from the crown of the infant's head to the infant's heel (legs extended) |
| lumbar puncture | introduction of a hollow needle and stylet into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar portion of the spinal canal to optain specimens of cerebrospinal fluid |
| microcephalus | congenital anomaly characterized by abnormal smallness of the head |
| natural immunity | innate and permanent form of immunity to a specific disease; received at birth |
| neonatologist | medical doctor who specializes in neonatology |
| neonatology | specialty concerned with the diseases and abnormalities of the newborn infant |
| nomogram | graphic representation, by any of various systems, of a numeric relationship |
| omphalitits | inflammation of the umbilical stump |
| omphalocele | congenital herniation of intra-abdominal viscera |
| omphalorrhea | drainage from the umbilicus |
| oral temperature | thermometer placed in the mouth |
| passive acquired immunity | form of acquired immunity, antibodies that are transmitted naturally through the placenta to a fetus through colostrum, artificially by injection of antiserum; received from mother while in utero |
| pediatrician | physician who specializes in pediatrics |
| pediatric nurse practitioner | registered nurse with advanced study and clinical practice in pediatric nursing |
| pediatrics | pertaining to preventive and primary health care and treatment of children |
| primary teeth | baby teeth; also known as deciduous teeth |
| prodromal | pertaining to early signs or symptoms that mark the onset of a disease |
| pyrexia | fever |
| rectal temperature | temperature as measured in the rectum |
| recumbent | lying down |
| retraction | displacement of tissues to expose a part or structure of the body |
| stature | natural height of a person in an upright position |
| stridor | abnormal, high-pitched, musical sound caused by an obstruction in the trachea or larynx |
| toxoid | toxin that has been treated with chemicals or with heat to decrease its toxic effect, ability to cause the production of antibodies |
| tympananic temperature | temperature at the tympanic membrane; eardrum |
| vaccine | suspension of attenuated or killed microorganisms administered intradermally, intramuscularly, orally, or subcutaneously to induce active immunity to infectious disease |
| vertex | top of the head; crown |
| well-child visit | routine health visit in which health professionals assess the current health status of the child |
| chickenpox (varicella) | viral disease; successive eruptions of macules, papules, and vesicles on the skin followed by crusting over of the lesions with a granular scab |
| diphtheria | serious infectious disease affecting the nose, pharynx, or larynx; resulting in sore throat, dysphonia (difficult speaking or hoarseness), and fever |
| erythema infectiosum (fifth disease) | viral disease characterized by "slapped cheeks," fiery red rash on the cheeks |
| impetigo | contagious superficial skin infection characterized by serous vesicles and pustules filled with millions of staphlococcus or streptococcus bacteria |
| mumps (infectious parotitis) | viral disease characterized by fever, swelling, and tenderness of one or more salivary glands |
| pertussis (whooping cough) | acute upper respiratory infectious disease; early stages of pertussis are suggestive of the common cold, with slight elevation of fever, sneezing, rhinitis, dry cough, irritability, and loss of appetite |
| rubella (German measles; 3-day measles) | mild febrile (fever causing) infectious disease resembling both scarlet fever and measles, differing from these in its short course; characterized by a rash of both macules and papules |
| rubeola (red measles, 7-day measles) | acute, highly communicable viral disease begins as an upper respiratory disorder with fever, sore throat, cough, runny nose, sensitivity to light, and possible conjunctivitis; typical red, blotchy rash; rash last five days; Koplik's spots in mouth |
| scarlet fever | acute, contagious disease characterized by sore throat, abrupt high fever, increased pulse, strawberry tongue (red and swollen), and punctiform (pointlike) rash |
| asthma | paroxysmal dyspnea (severe attack of difficult breathing), accompanied by wheezing caused by a spasm of the bronchial tubes or by swelling of the mucous membrane |
| cleft lip and palate | congenital defect in which there is an open space between the nasal cavity and the lip; failure of the hard palate to fuse, resulting in a fissure |
| croup | childhood disease characterized by a barking cough, stridor, and laryngeal spasm |
| cryptorchidism | undescended testicle(s) |
| Down syndrome | congenital condition characterized by multiple defects and varying degrees of mental retardation; trisomy 21 |
| dwarfism | generalized growth retardation of the body due to the deficiency of the human growth hormone |
| epispadias | congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the upper side of the penis |
| gigantism | proportional overgrowth of the body's tissue due to the hypersecretion of the human growth hormone |
| hyaline membrane disease | respiratory distress syndrome; severe impairment of the function of respiration in the premature newborn |
| hydrocele | accumulation of fluid in any saclike cavity or duct (particularly the scrotal sac or along the spermatic cord) |
| hypospadias | congenital defect in which the urethra opens on the underside of the penis |
| intussuception | telescoping of a portion of proximal intestine into the distal intestine, causing an obstruction; intermittent, severe abdominal pain, vomiting, and "currant jelly stool" |
| patent ductus arteriosus | abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth |
| phimosis | tightness of the foreskin |
| Reye's syndrome | marked by serve edema of the brain and increased intracranial pressure, hypoglycemia, and fatty infiltration and dysfunction of the liver; linked to aspirin in children 18 and younger |
| Shaken baby syndrome (SBS) | serious form of child abuse, group of unique symptoms resulting from repetitive violent shaking |
| spina bifida occulta | congenital defect of the central nervous system in which the back portion of one or more vertebrae is not closed |
| sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) | unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well, or virtually well, infant |
| Tay-Sachs disease | congenital disorder caused by altered lipid metabolism due to an enzyme deficiency |
| umbilical hernia | outward protrusion of the intestine through a weakness in the abdominal wall |
| heel puncture | method of obtaining a blood sample from a newborn or premature infant by making a shallow puncture; surface of the heel (also called a heel stick) |
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