63 Muscles with origin, insertion, and function
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| Name the muscles of Region 1:Face | Frontalis, Temporalis, Buccinator, Orbicularis Oculi, Orbicularis Oris, Masseter
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| action of Frontalis | Elevate eyebrows
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| action of Temporalis | Elevate and retract mandible
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| action of Buccinator | Compress cheeks, assist in mastication(keeps food between teeth)
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| action of Orbicularis Oculi | Close eyes(squinting, blinking)
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| action of Orbicularis Oris | Close and protrude lips
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| action of Masseter | Elevate, and protract mandible
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| Name the muscles of region 2: Head, Neck, Back | Trapezius, Rhomboid major, Rhomboid minor, Levator scapulae, Sternocleidomastoid, Latissimus
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| action of Trapezius | Elevate, adduct, and stabilize scapula; extend head
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| action of Rhomboid major | Elevate and adduct scapula
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| action of Rhomboid minor | Elevate and adduct scapula
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| action of Levator scapulae | Elevate scapula
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| action of Sternocleidomastoid | Rotate head, flex neck, elevate sternum
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| action of Latissimus Dorsi | Extend, adduct, and medially rotate arm at shoulder
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| Name muscles of Region 3: Upper Limb (scapula and posterior limb) | Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Subscapularis, Teres Minor, Teres Major, Deltoideus, Triceps Brachii (three heads): Long head, Lateral head, Medial head
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| Name the muscles that make up the Rotator Cuff | Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Subscapularis, Teres Minor
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| action of Supraspinatus | Abducts arm
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| origin of Supraspinatus | Supraspinous fossa of scapula
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| insertion of Supraspinatus | Greater tubercle of humerus
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| action of Infraspinatus | Lateral rotation of arm
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| origin of Infraspinatus | Infraspinous fossa of scapula
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| insertion of Infraspinatus | Greater tubercle of humerus
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| action of Subscapularis | Medial rotation of arm
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| origin of Subscapularis | Subscapular fossa of scapula
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| insertion of Subscapularis | Lesser tubercle of humerus
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| action of Teres Minor | Lateral rotation of arm
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| origin of Teres Minor | Lateral order of scapula
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| insertion of Teres Minor | Greater tubercle of humerus
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| action of Teres Major | Extend, adduct, and medially rotate arm
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| origin of Teres major | Inferior angle of scapula
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| insertion of Teres Major | Distal to lesser tubercle of humerus
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| action of Deltoid | Abduct arm at shoulder
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| origin of Deltoid | Spine of scapula, acromion process of scapula, clavicle
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| insertion of Deltoid | Deltoid tuberosity of humerus
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| action of Triceps Brachii(three heads) | Extends elbow
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| origin of Long head of Triceps Brachii | Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
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| insertion of Long head of Triceps Brachii | Olecranon process of ulna
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| origin of Lateral head of Triceps Brachii | Lateral and posterior surface of humerus, superior to the groove for radial nerve
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| insertion of Lateral head of Triceps Brachii | Olecranon process of ulna
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| origin of Medial head of Triceps Brachii | Posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove
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| insertion of Medial head of Triceps Brachii | Olecranon process of ulna
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| Name the muscles of Region 4: Upper Limb (anterior) | Biceps Brachii(two heads), Brachialis, Coracobrachialis, Pectoralis Major, Pectoralis Minor, Serratus Anterior
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| action of Biceps Brachii(two heads) | Flex elbow; supinate forearm
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| origin of Long head of Biceps Brachii | Supraglenoid tubercle
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| insertion of Long head of Biceps Brachii | Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
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| origin of Short head of Biceps Brachii | Coracoid process of scapula
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| insertion of Short head of Biceps Rachii | Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis
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| action of Brachialis | Flex forearm at elbow
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| origin of Brachialis | Anterior surface of humerus
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| insertion of Brachialis | Ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna
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| action of Coracobrachialis | Flex and adduct arm at shoulder
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| origin of Coracobrachialis | Coracoid process of scapula
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| insertion of Coracobrachialis | Medial surface of humerus shaft
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| action of Pectoralis Major | Adduct, flex, and medially rotate arm
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| action of Pectoralis Minor | Depress scapula
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| action of Serratus Anterior | Abduct and protract scapula
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| Name the muscles of Region 5:Forearm | Palmaris Longus, Flexor Carpi Radialis, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris, Extensor Digitorum, Brachioradialis
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| action of Palmaris Longus | Flex wrist
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| action of Flexor Carpi Radialis | Flex and abduct wrist
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| action of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris | Flex and adduct wrist
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| action of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus | Extend and abduct wrist
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| action of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis | Extend and abduct wrist
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| action of Extensor Carpi Ulnaris | Extend and adduct wrist
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| action of Extensor Digitorum | Extend fingers
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| action of Brachioradialis | Flex forearm at elbow, supinate and pronate radius
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| Name the muscles of Region 6: Thorax, Abdomen | Diaphragm, External intercostals, Internal intercostals, External obliques, Internal obliques, Transverse abdominis, Rectus abdominis, Inguinal ligament, Psoas major
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| action of Diaphragm | Inspiration
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| action of External intercostals | Elevate ribs during inhalation
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| action of Internal intercostals | Depress ribs during active exhalation
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| action of External obliques | Flex, extend, and laterally flex vertebral column
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| action of Internal obliques | Laterally flex vertebral column, compress abdomen
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| action of Transverse abdominis | Compress abdomen
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| action Rectus abdominis | Flex vertebral column, compress abdomen
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| action of Inguinal ligament | Forms part of the insertion of the external obliques; can be found between the inguinal canal and the femoral triangle
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| action of Psoas major | Flex and laterally rotate thigh at hip, flex trunk
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| Name the muscles of Region 7: Anterior Thigh | Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Intermedius, REctus Femoris, Sartorius, Gracilis, Adductor Brevis, Adductor Longus, Adductor Magnus, Pectineus
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| Name the muscles that make up the Quadriceps | Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Intermedius, Rectus Femoris
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| action of Vastus Lateralis | Extend leg at knee
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| origin of Vastus Lateralis | Greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur
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| insertion of Vastus Lateralis | Tibial tuberosity
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| action of Vastus Medialis | Extend leg at knee
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| origin of Vastus Medialis | Linea aspera of femur
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| insertion of Vastus Medialis | Tibial tuberosity
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| action of Vastus Intermedius | Extend leg at kneee
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| origin of Vastus Intermedius | Anterior and lateral surfaces of body of femur
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| insertion of Vastus Intermedius | Tibial tuberosity
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| action of Rectus Femoris | Extend leg at knee;flex thigh at hip
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| origin of Rectus Femoris | Anterior inferior iliac spine
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| insertion of Rectus Femoris | Tibial tuberosity
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| action of Sartorius | Flex and laterally rotate thigh; flex leg at knee
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| action of Gracilis | Flex, adduct, and medially rotate thigh at hip; flex leg at knee
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| action of Adductor Brevis | Adduct thigh
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| origin of Adductor Brevis | Inferior ramus of pubis
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| insertion of Adductor Brevis | Linea aspera of femur
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| action of Adductor Longus | Adduct thigh
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| origin of Adductor Longus | Inferior ramus of pubis
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| insertion of Adductor Longus | Linea aspera of femur
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| action of Adductor Magnus | Adduct, laterally rotate, and flex thigh
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| origin of Adductor Magnus | Inferior ramus of pubis and ischium, to ischial tuberosity
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| insertion of Adductor Magnus | Linea aspera of femur
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| action of Pectineus | Flex and adduct thigh at hip
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| Name muscles of Region 8: Posterior Thigh | Biceps Femoris(two heads), Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius
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| Name the muscles that make up the hamstrings | Biceps Femoris(two heads), Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus
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| action of Biceps Femoris(two heads) | Extend thigh at hip; flex leg at knee
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| origin of Long head of Biceps Femoris | Ischial tuberosity
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| insertion of Long head of Biceps Femoris | Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
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| origin of Short head of Biceps Femoris | Linea aspera
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| insertion of Short head of Biceps Femoris | Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
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| action of Semitendinosus | Extend thigh at hip; flex leg at knee
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| origin of Semitendinosus | Ischial tuberosity
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| insertion of Semitendinosus | Medial surface of body of tibia
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| action of Semimembranosus | Extend thigh at hip; flex leg at knee
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| origin of Semimembranosus | Ischial tuberosity
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| insertion of Semimembranosus | Medial condyle of tibia
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| action of Gluteus maximus | Extend thigh at hip, laterally rotate thigh at hip
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| action of Gluteus medius | Abduct thigh at hip, medially rotate thigh at hip
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| Name the muscles of Region 9: Calf | Gastrocnemius (two heads), Soleus, Plantaris, Popliteus, Tibialis Anterior,
Peroneus (fibularis) longus
Peroneus (fibularis) longus
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| origin of Gastrocnemius (two heads) | Medial and lateral condyles of the femur
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| insertion of Gastrocnemius (two heads) | Calcaneus
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| action of Gastrocnemius (two heads) | plantar flex foot; flex leg at knee
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| action of Soleus | Plantar flex foot
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| origin of Soleus | Fibula, soleal line of tibia
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| insertion of Soleus | Calcaneus
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| action of Plantaris | Plantar flex foot
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| action of Popliteus | Medially rotate tibia
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| origin of Tibialis Anterior | Lateral condyle and body of tibia
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| insertion of Tibialis Anterior | First metatrasal and first cuneiform
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| action of Tibialis Anterior | Dorsiflex and invert foot
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| action of Poreneus(fibularis)longus | Evert foot
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| Name muscles of Region 10: Knee Joint | Lateral Meniscus, Medial Meniscus, Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Posterior Cruciate Ligament, Fibular(Lateral) Collateral Ligament, Tibial(Medial) Collateral Ligament, Transverse Ligament
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| action of Lateral Meniscus | Shock absorption; improves fit of femur on tibia
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| action of Medial Meniscus | Shock absorption; improves fit of femur on tibia
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| action of Anterior Cruciate Ligament | Prevents hyperextension and anterior displacement of tibia
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| action of Posterior Cruciate Ligament | Prevents hyperflexion and posterior displacement of tibia
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| action of Fibular Collateral Ligament | Reinforce lateral surface of joint, prevent hyper-adduction
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| action of Tibial Collateral Ligament | Reinforce medial surface of joint, prevent hyper-abduciton
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| action of Transverse Ligament | Connects medial and lateral menisci
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