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Muscles 63
63 Muscles with origin, insertion, and function
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Name the muscles of Region 1:Face | Frontalis, Temporalis, Buccinator, Orbicularis Oculi, Orbicularis Oris, Masseter |
| action of Frontalis | Elevate eyebrows |
| action of Temporalis | Elevate and retract mandible |
| action of Buccinator | Compress cheeks, assist in mastication(keeps food between teeth) |
| action of Orbicularis Oculi | Close eyes(squinting, blinking) |
| action of Orbicularis Oris | Close and protrude lips |
| action of Masseter | Elevate, and protract mandible |
| Name the muscles of region 2: Head, Neck, Back | Trapezius, Rhomboid major, Rhomboid minor, Levator scapulae, Sternocleidomastoid, Latissimus |
| action of Trapezius | Elevate, adduct, and stabilize scapula; extend head |
| action of Rhomboid major | Elevate and adduct scapula |
| action of Rhomboid minor | Elevate and adduct scapula |
| action of Levator scapulae | Elevate scapula |
| action of Sternocleidomastoid | Rotate head, flex neck, elevate sternum |
| action of Latissimus Dorsi | Extend, adduct, and medially rotate arm at shoulder |
| Name muscles of Region 3: Upper Limb (scapula and posterior limb) | Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Subscapularis, Teres Minor, Teres Major, Deltoideus, Triceps Brachii (three heads): Long head, Lateral head, Medial head |
| Name the muscles that make up the Rotator Cuff | Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Subscapularis, Teres Minor |
| action of Supraspinatus | Abducts arm |
| origin of Supraspinatus | Supraspinous fossa of scapula |
| insertion of Supraspinatus | Greater tubercle of humerus |
| action of Infraspinatus | Lateral rotation of arm |
| origin of Infraspinatus | Infraspinous fossa of scapula |
| insertion of Infraspinatus | Greater tubercle of humerus |
| action of Subscapularis | Medial rotation of arm |
| origin of Subscapularis | Subscapular fossa of scapula |
| insertion of Subscapularis | Lesser tubercle of humerus |
| action of Teres Minor | Lateral rotation of arm |
| origin of Teres Minor | Lateral order of scapula |
| insertion of Teres Minor | Greater tubercle of humerus |
| action of Teres Major | Extend, adduct, and medially rotate arm |
| origin of Teres major | Inferior angle of scapula |
| insertion of Teres Major | Distal to lesser tubercle of humerus |
| action of Deltoid | Abduct arm at shoulder |
| origin of Deltoid | Spine of scapula, acromion process of scapula, clavicle |
| insertion of Deltoid | Deltoid tuberosity of humerus |
| action of Triceps Brachii(three heads) | Extends elbow |
| origin of Long head of Triceps Brachii | Infraglenoid tubercle of scapula |
| insertion of Long head of Triceps Brachii | Olecranon process of ulna |
| origin of Lateral head of Triceps Brachii | Lateral and posterior surface of humerus, superior to the groove for radial nerve |
| insertion of Lateral head of Triceps Brachii | Olecranon process of ulna |
| origin of Medial head of Triceps Brachii | Posterior surface of humerus, inferior to radial groove |
| insertion of Medial head of Triceps Brachii | Olecranon process of ulna |
| Name the muscles of Region 4: Upper Limb (anterior) | Biceps Brachii(two heads), Brachialis, Coracobrachialis, Pectoralis Major, Pectoralis Minor, Serratus Anterior |
| action of Biceps Brachii(two heads) | Flex elbow; supinate forearm |
| origin of Long head of Biceps Brachii | Supraglenoid tubercle |
| insertion of Long head of Biceps Brachii | Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis |
| origin of Short head of Biceps Brachii | Coracoid process of scapula |
| insertion of Short head of Biceps Rachii | Radial tuberosity and bicipital aponeurosis |
| action of Brachialis | Flex forearm at elbow |
| origin of Brachialis | Anterior surface of humerus |
| insertion of Brachialis | Ulnar tuberosity and coronoid process of ulna |
| action of Coracobrachialis | Flex and adduct arm at shoulder |
| origin of Coracobrachialis | Coracoid process of scapula |
| insertion of Coracobrachialis | Medial surface of humerus shaft |
| action of Pectoralis Major | Adduct, flex, and medially rotate arm |
| action of Pectoralis Minor | Depress scapula |
| action of Serratus Anterior | Abduct and protract scapula |
| Name the muscles of Region 5:Forearm | Palmaris Longus, Flexor Carpi Radialis, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris, Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus, Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis, Extensor Carpi Ulnaris, Extensor Digitorum, Brachioradialis |
| action of Palmaris Longus | Flex wrist |
| action of Flexor Carpi Radialis | Flex and abduct wrist |
| action of Flexor Carpi Ulnaris | Flex and adduct wrist |
| action of Extensor Carpi Radialis Longus | Extend and abduct wrist |
| action of Extensor Carpi Radialis Brevis | Extend and abduct wrist |
| action of Extensor Carpi Ulnaris | Extend and adduct wrist |
| action of Extensor Digitorum | Extend fingers |
| action of Brachioradialis | Flex forearm at elbow, supinate and pronate radius |
| Name the muscles of Region 6: Thorax, Abdomen | Diaphragm, External intercostals, Internal intercostals, External obliques, Internal obliques, Transverse abdominis, Rectus abdominis, Inguinal ligament, Psoas major |
| action of Diaphragm | Inspiration |
| action of External intercostals | Elevate ribs during inhalation |
| action of Internal intercostals | Depress ribs during active exhalation |
| action of External obliques | Flex, extend, and laterally flex vertebral column |
| action of Internal obliques | Laterally flex vertebral column, compress abdomen |
| action of Transverse abdominis | Compress abdomen |
| action Rectus abdominis | Flex vertebral column, compress abdomen |
| action of Inguinal ligament | Forms part of the insertion of the external obliques; can be found between the inguinal canal and the femoral triangle |
| action of Psoas major | Flex and laterally rotate thigh at hip, flex trunk |
| Name the muscles of Region 7: Anterior Thigh | Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Intermedius, REctus Femoris, Sartorius, Gracilis, Adductor Brevis, Adductor Longus, Adductor Magnus, Pectineus |
| Name the muscles that make up the Quadriceps | Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Medialis, Vastus Intermedius, Rectus Femoris |
| action of Vastus Lateralis | Extend leg at knee |
| origin of Vastus Lateralis | Greater trochanter and linea aspera of femur |
| insertion of Vastus Lateralis | Tibial tuberosity |
| action of Vastus Medialis | Extend leg at knee |
| origin of Vastus Medialis | Linea aspera of femur |
| insertion of Vastus Medialis | Tibial tuberosity |
| action of Vastus Intermedius | Extend leg at kneee |
| origin of Vastus Intermedius | Anterior and lateral surfaces of body of femur |
| insertion of Vastus Intermedius | Tibial tuberosity |
| action of Rectus Femoris | Extend leg at knee;flex thigh at hip |
| origin of Rectus Femoris | Anterior inferior iliac spine |
| insertion of Rectus Femoris | Tibial tuberosity |
| action of Sartorius | Flex and laterally rotate thigh; flex leg at knee |
| action of Gracilis | Flex, adduct, and medially rotate thigh at hip; flex leg at knee |
| action of Adductor Brevis | Adduct thigh |
| origin of Adductor Brevis | Inferior ramus of pubis |
| insertion of Adductor Brevis | Linea aspera of femur |
| action of Adductor Longus | Adduct thigh |
| origin of Adductor Longus | Inferior ramus of pubis |
| insertion of Adductor Longus | Linea aspera of femur |
| action of Adductor Magnus | Adduct, laterally rotate, and flex thigh |
| origin of Adductor Magnus | Inferior ramus of pubis and ischium, to ischial tuberosity |
| insertion of Adductor Magnus | Linea aspera of femur |
| action of Pectineus | Flex and adduct thigh at hip |
| Name muscles of Region 8: Posterior Thigh | Biceps Femoris(two heads), Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus, Gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius |
| Name the muscles that make up the hamstrings | Biceps Femoris(two heads), Semitendinosus, Semimembranosus |
| action of Biceps Femoris(two heads) | Extend thigh at hip; flex leg at knee |
| origin of Long head of Biceps Femoris | Ischial tuberosity |
| insertion of Long head of Biceps Femoris | Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia |
| origin of Short head of Biceps Femoris | Linea aspera |
| insertion of Short head of Biceps Femoris | Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia |
| action of Semitendinosus | Extend thigh at hip; flex leg at knee |
| origin of Semitendinosus | Ischial tuberosity |
| insertion of Semitendinosus | Medial surface of body of tibia |
| action of Semimembranosus | Extend thigh at hip; flex leg at knee |
| origin of Semimembranosus | Ischial tuberosity |
| insertion of Semimembranosus | Medial condyle of tibia |
| action of Gluteus maximus | Extend thigh at hip, laterally rotate thigh at hip |
| action of Gluteus medius | Abduct thigh at hip, medially rotate thigh at hip |
| Name the muscles of Region 9: Calf | Gastrocnemius (two heads), Soleus, Plantaris, Popliteus, Tibialis Anterior, Peroneus (fibularis) longus Peroneus (fibularis) longus |
| origin of Gastrocnemius (two heads) | Medial and lateral condyles of the femur |
| insertion of Gastrocnemius (two heads) | Calcaneus |
| action of Gastrocnemius (two heads) | plantar flex foot; flex leg at knee |
| action of Soleus | Plantar flex foot |
| origin of Soleus | Fibula, soleal line of tibia |
| insertion of Soleus | Calcaneus |
| action of Plantaris | Plantar flex foot |
| action of Popliteus | Medially rotate tibia |
| origin of Tibialis Anterior | Lateral condyle and body of tibia |
| insertion of Tibialis Anterior | First metatrasal and first cuneiform |
| action of Tibialis Anterior | Dorsiflex and invert foot |
| action of Poreneus(fibularis)longus | Evert foot |
| Name muscles of Region 10: Knee Joint | Lateral Meniscus, Medial Meniscus, Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Posterior Cruciate Ligament, Fibular(Lateral) Collateral Ligament, Tibial(Medial) Collateral Ligament, Transverse Ligament |
| action of Lateral Meniscus | Shock absorption; improves fit of femur on tibia |
| action of Medial Meniscus | Shock absorption; improves fit of femur on tibia |
| action of Anterior Cruciate Ligament | Prevents hyperextension and anterior displacement of tibia |
| action of Posterior Cruciate Ligament | Prevents hyperflexion and posterior displacement of tibia |
| action of Fibular Collateral Ligament | Reinforce lateral surface of joint, prevent hyper-adduction |
| action of Tibial Collateral Ligament | Reinforce medial surface of joint, prevent hyper-abduciton |
| action of Transverse Ligament | Connects medial and lateral menisci |
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