The Muscular System III: Muscles of the Appendicular Skeleton
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| superficial muscles of the anterior and posterior thorax perform | movements of the scapula
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| pectoralis minor is a | flat, thin muscles that is directly beneath and obscured by the pec major
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| origin of pectoralis minor | anterior surface of rips 3-5
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| insertion of pec minor | coracoid process of scapula
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| action of pec minor | draws scapula forward/downward (depresses glenoid cavity) with ribs fixed
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| when the scapula is fixed the pec minor draws rib cage | superiorly
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| serratus anterior is a ...shaped muscles that lies | fan...deep and inferior to pectoral muscles on lateral rib cage
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| serratus anterior forms the | medial wall of axilla
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| origin of serratus ant. | ribs 1-8
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| insertion of serratus ant. | entire anterior surface of vertebral border of scapula
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| action of serratus ant. | rotate scaupla so that its inferior angle moves laterally and upward
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| the serratus ant. is a prime mover to | protract and hold scapula against chest wall
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| trapezius is the most | superficial muscle of posterior thorax
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| trapezius has what shape | triangle
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| the upper fibers of the trapezius run...middle fibers run...lower fibers run... | inferiorly...horizontally...superiorly to scapula
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| origin of trapezius | occiptial bone, ligamentum nuchae, c7-t12
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| insertion of trapezius | acromion, clavicle, spine of scapula
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| action of trapezius | stabilize, raise, retract, depress and rotates scapula/clavicle
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| trapezius can also | extend the neck
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| levator scapulae is located at | back and side of neck, deep to trapezius
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| levator scapulae is a | thick straplike muscle
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| origin of levator scapulae | transverse process of c1-4
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| insertion of levator scapulae | medial border of scapula, superior to spine
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| action of levator scapulae | elevates/adducts scapula in concert with superior fibers of trapezius
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| rhomboid major and minor are two | rectangular shaped muscles lying deep to trapezius
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| origin of rhomboids | spinous process of c7-t1 (minor) and t2-t5
(major)
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| insertion of rhomboids | medial border of scapula
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| action of rhomboids | stabilize scapula, adduct and perform downard rotation of the scapula
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| muscles crossing the shoulder joint perform movements of the | humerus
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| pec. major is the large...shaped muscles covering the... | fan...upper portion of the chest
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| pec major is divided into | clavicular and sternal parts to form the anterior axillary fold
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| origin of pec major | ribs 1-6, clavicle, sternum, aponeurosis of ext. oblique
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| insertion of pec major | greater tubercle and lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
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| action of pec major | prime mover of arm flexion; rotates arm medially, adducts arm against resistance
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| latissmus dorsi is the broad, flat muscles of the | lumbar region
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| lat. dorsi is covered by | trapezius superiorly
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| lat dorsi contributes to the | posterior wall of axilla
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| origin of lat dorsi | spinous process of inferior thoracic and all lumbar vertebrae, ribs 8-12
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| insertion of lat dorsi | spirals around teres minor to insert into floor of intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
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| action of lat dorsi | prime mover of arm extension, powerful arm adductor, medially rotates arm at shoulder; depresses scapula
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| deltoid is a thick multi... | pennate muscle forming rounded shoulder muscle mass
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| deltoid is the perfect site for | injection
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| origin of deltoid | clavicle, spine of scapula and acromion
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| insertion of deltoid | deltoid tuberosity
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| action of deltoid | prime mover of arm abdcution WHEN ALL FIBERS CONTRACT SIMULTANEOUSLY, flexion/medial rotation of humerus, extension and lateral rotation of humerus
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| teres minor is a flat, thin muscle directly | beneath and obscured by pect. major
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| origin of teres major | inferior angle of scapula
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| insertion of teres major | medial lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
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| action of teres major | extends, medially rotates and adducts humerus
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| subscapularis forms part of the | posterior wall of axilla
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| origin of subscapularis | subscapular fossa
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| insertion of subscapularis | lesser tubercule of humerus
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| action of subscapularis | chief medial rotator of humerus, helps to hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity, thereby stabilizing shoulder joint
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| supraspinatus is named for its location on the | posterior aspect of scapula; deep to trapezius
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| origin of supraspinatus | supraspinous fossa of scapula
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| insertion of supraspinatus | greater tubercle
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| action of supraspinatus | initiates abduction at shoulder and stabilizes it
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| infraspinatus is partially covered by | deltoid and trap.
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| origin of infraspinatus | infraspinous fossa
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| insertion of infraspinatus | greater tubercles
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| action of infraspinatus | rotates arm laterally; helps hold head of humerus in glenoid cavity to stabilize it
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| teres minor is a small, elongated muscle located | inferior to infraspinatus
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| origin of teres minor | lateral border of scap
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| insertion of teres minor | greater tubercle of humerus
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| action of teres minor | rotates humerus laterally, stabilizes shoulder, adducts shoulder
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| coracobrachialis is what kind of muscle | small, clydrical
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| origin of coracobrachialis | coracoid process
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| insertion of coracobrachialis | medial surface of humerus shaft
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| action of coracobrachialis | flexion/adduction
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| coracobrachialis is a synergist of | pec major
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| rotator cuff is made up of | supra/infra spinatus, subscapularis, teres minor
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| muscles crossing the elbow joint perform | flexion and extension of the forearm
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| triceps brachii is a large fleshy muscle, solely occupying the | posterior compartment of the arm
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| triceps brachii has how many heads | 3
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| origin of triceps brachii | long head = infraglenoid tubercles. lateral head= back of humerus. medial head =humerall shaft distal to radial tuberosity
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| insertion of triceps brachii | olecranon process of ulna
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| action of triceps brachii | powerful forearm extensor (medial head is prime mover)
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| triceps brachii is an antagonist to the | forearm flexors
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| the long head of triceps brachii performs | extension and adduction at the shoulder joint
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| biceps brachii is a ....muscle whose bellies unite as insertion point is approached | two
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| origin of biceps brachii | coracoid process (short head) and supraglenoid tubercle (long head)
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| insertion of biceps brachii | radial tuberosity
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| action of biceps brachii | flexion at elbow and shoulder and supinates forearm
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| brachialisis a | strong muscle immediately deep to biceps brachii
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| origin of brachialis | anterior, distal surface of humerus
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| insertion of brachialis | coronoid process of ulna
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| action of brachialis | major forearm flexor
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| brachioradialis is a superficial muscle of | lateral forearm, extending from distal humerus to distal forearm
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| origin of brachioradialis | lateral supracondylar ridge at distal end of humerus
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| insertion of brachioradialis | base of styloid process of radius
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| action of brachioradialis | synergis in forearm flexion, stabilize elbow during rapid flexion and extension
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| muscles of the forearm perform movements of the | wrist, hand and fingers
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| flexor and extensor retinacula is a | band-like thickening of deep fascia
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| the flexor and extensor retinacula firmly anchor the | long tendons that insert in the hand distally
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| the retinaculum keep the tendons from | jumping outward when the hand is hyperflexed/extended
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| palmar aponeurosis | sheet-like tendinous extension of the insertion tendon of the palmaris longus muscle
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| pronator teres is a ...muscle and is seen in superficial view between | two headed...proximal margins of brachioradialis and flexor carpi radialis
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| origin of pronator teres | medial epicondlye of humerus, coronoid process of ulna
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| insertion of pronator teres | lateral radius midshaft
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| action of pronator teres | pronates forearm; weak flexor of elbow
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| flexor carpi radialis runs ... across the forearm; midway its fleshy belly is replaced by a... | diagonally...flat tendon that becomes cord-like at wrist
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| origin of flexor carpi radialis | medial epicondyle of humerus
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| insertion of flex. carp. radialis | base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpals
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| action of flex carp radialis | powerful flexor of wrist; abducts hand. weak synergist of elbow flexion
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| palmaris longus is a small, fleshy muscle with a long insertion tendon, which is located | superficial to the flexor retinaculum
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| the palmaris longus is a | landmark anterior muscle whose tendon inserts into the palmar aponeurosis
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| origin of palmaris longus | medial expicondyle of humerus
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| insertion of palmaris longus | fascia of plam and flexor retinaculum
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| action of palmaris longus | tenses skin of fascia of palm during hand movement, weak wrist flexor and synergist for elbow flexion
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| flexor carpi ulnaris is the most | medial anterior muslce with 2 heads
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| origin of flex carp ulnaris | medial epicondyle, olecranon process and posterior surface of ulna
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| insertion of flex carp ulnaris | pisiform and hamate, base of 5th metacarpal
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| action of flex carp ulnaris | flexor of wrist aand adducts hand in concert with extensor carpi ulnaris
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| flexor digitorum superficialis is a two headed muscle which is more...placed | deep
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| origin of flex digi super | medial epicondyle, coronoid process and shaft of radius
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| insertin of flex digi super | 4 tendons in middle phalanges of fingers 2-5
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| brachioradialis is the most | anterior muscle of the posterior fascial compartment
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| extensor carpi radialis parallels | brachioradialis on lateral forearm and may blend with it
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| origin of ext. carp radialis | lateral supracondylar ridge
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| insertion of ext. carp. radialis | base of 2nd & 3rd metacarpals
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| action of ext. carp. radialis | extend wrist in concert with the extensor carpi ulnaris and abducts wrist
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| extensor digitorum lies | medial to extensor carp radialis
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| origin of ext. digi | lateral epicondyle of humerus
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| insertion of ext. digi | by 4 tendons into ext. expansions and distal philanges of digits 2-5
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| action of ext. digi | extends little finger, prime mover of finger extension, extends wrist and abducts fingers
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| extensor carpi ulnaris is the most | medial of superficial posterior muscles and is long and slender
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| origin of extensor carpi ulnaris | lateral epicondyle
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| insertion of ext. carp ulnaris | extend wrist in concert with ext. carpi radialis and addcut wrist with flexor carpi ulnaris
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| abductor pollicis longus is lateral and parallel to | extensor pollicis longus, just distal to supinator
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| origin of abductor pollicis | posterior surface of radius and ulna/interosseous membrane
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| insertion of abductor pollicis | base of 1st metacarpal and trapezium
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| action of abductor pollicis | abduct and extend the thumb
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| extensor pollicis is a deep muscle pair with a common | origin and action
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| origin of ext pollicis | dorsal shaft of radius and ulna/interosseous membrane
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| insertion of ext. pollicis | base of proximal and distal phalanx of thumb
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| coccygeus is a small...muscle lying posterior to... and makes up the posterior part of the... | triangular...levator ani...pelvic diaphragm
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| origin of coccygeus | spine of ischium
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| insertion of coccygeus | sacrum and coccyx
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| action of coccygeus | support pelvic viscera and coccyx; pulls coccyx forward after it has been reflected posteriorly be defecation and childbirth
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| anterior and medial muscles of the thigh originate on the | pelvis or backbone
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| iliopsoas is a composite of | 2 closely related muscles whose fibers pass under the inguinal ligament
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| iliopsoas is made up of the | iliacus and psoas major
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| iliacus is a large | fan-shaped lateral muscle
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| origin of iliacus | iliac fossa/ala of sacrum
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| insertion of iliacus | lesser trochanter of femur via iliopsoas tendon
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| action of iliacus | prime mover of thich flexion and flexion the trunk
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| psoas major is a | longer, thicker,more medial muscle
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| origin of psoas major | transverse processes, and bodies/discs of L1-L5 and t12
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| insertion of psoas major | lesser trochanter of femur via iliopsoas tendon
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| action of psoas major | same actions as iliacus, also lateral flexion of vertebral column
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| sartorius is the ...muscle in the body and is...; runs obliquely across...;crosses both | longest...strap-like...anterior surface of thigh to knee...hip and knee joints
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| origin of sartorius | anterior superior iliac spine
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| insertions of sartorius | medial tibia
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| action of sartorius | flexes, abducts and laterally roates thigh, flexes knee
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| medial muscles of thigh are the | adductor muscles
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| adductor longus overlies the | middle aspect of adductor magnus, most anterior of adductor muscles
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| origin of adductor longus | pubis near pubic symphysis
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| insertion of adductor longus | linea aspera of femur
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| action of adductor longus | adduct, flexes and medially roates thigh
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| pectineus is a short flat muscle that overlies | adductor brevis and abut adductor longus medially
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| origin of pectineus | pectineal line of pubis
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| insertion of pectineus | line from lesster trochanter to linea aspera
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| action of pectineus | adduct, flexs, medially rotates thigh
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| gracilis origin | inferior ramus and body of pusi and adjacent ischial ramus
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| insertion of gracilis | medial surface of tibia
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| action of gracilis (walking) | adduct/medially roates thigh, flexes and medially roates leg
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| rectus femoris is the superficial muscle of anterior thigh and runs | straight down thigh
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| origin of rectus femoris | anterior inferior iliac spine and acetabular rim
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| insertion of rectus femoris | tibial tuberosity via quadriceps tendon, patella, patellar ligament
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| action of rectus femoris | extends knee and flexes thigh at hip
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| vastus lateralis is the largest | head of the quadriceps
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| origin of vastus lateralis | greater trochanter, intertrochanteric line, linea aspera
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| insertion of vastus lateralis | same as rectus femoris
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| action of vastus lateralis | extends and stabilizes the knee
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| vastus medialis origin | linea aspera; medial supracondylar line, intertrochanteric line
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| insertion of medialis | same as rectus femoris
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| action of vastus medialis | extends knee, inferior fibers stabilize patella
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| tensor fasciae latae muscle is enclosed between | fascia layers of anterolateral aspect of thigh
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| origin of tens fasc latae | anterior aspect of iliac crest and anterior superior iliac spine
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| insertion of tens fasc latae | iliotibial tract
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| action of tens fasc latae | steadies trunk on thigh by making the IT band taut, flexes and abducts thigh, rotates medially thigh and extends and laterally rotates knee
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| lateral rotators | piriforms, gemellus superior/inferior, obturator externus/internus, quadratus femoris
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| piriformis is a | pyramidal muscle located on back of hip joints
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| origin of piriformis | anterolateral surface of sacrum
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| insertion of piriformis | superior border of greater trochanter of femur
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| action of piriformis | roates extended thigh laterally, abducts hip
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| obturator externus/internus are flat, triangular muscles deep in | upper medial aspect of thigh
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| origin of abturator externus/internus | lateral and medial margins of obturator foramen
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| insertion of ob. ext/int | trochanteric fossa and medial surface of greater trochanter
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| action of ob. ext/int | same as piriformis
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| gemellus superior/inferior are two small muscles with common | insertion and actions (extrapelvic portions of obturator internus)
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| origin of gemelli | ischial spine and tuberosity
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| insertion of gemelli | greater trochanter
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| action of gemelli | same as piriformis
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| quadratus femoris is short, thick and most | inferior of lateral rotator muscles
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| origin of quadratus | ischial tuberosity
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| insertion of quadratus | intertrochanteric crest
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| action of quadratus | rotates thigh laterally and stabilizes hip joint
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| hamstrings are prime movers of | thigh extension and knee flexion
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| biceps femoris is the most | lateral muscle of the group
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| o of biceps femori | ischial tuberosity, linea aspera, lateral supracondylar line
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| i of biceps femoris | head of fibula and lateral condyl of tibia
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| a of biceps femoris | extend thigh and flex knee, laterallly rotate leg
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| semitendinosus is...to biceps femoris | medial
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| o of semi | ischial tuberosity
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| i of semi | medial aspect of upper tibial shaft
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| a of semi | extend thin and flex knee, medially rotates leg
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| semimembranosus is ...to semitendinosus | deep
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| o of semimem | ischial tuberosity
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| i of semimem | medial condyle of tibia
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| a of semimem | extends thigh and flexes knee, medially rotates leg
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| tibialis anterior origin | lateral condyle of tibial shaft
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| i of tibialis ant | medial cuneiform and 1st metatarsal
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| a of tibialis ant | prime mover of dorsiflexion and invert foot
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| extensor digi (foot)is | unipennate
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| o of ext. digi(foot) | lateral condyle of tibia and shaft of fibula
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| i of ext. digi foot | middle/distal phalanges of digits 2-5
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| a of ext digi foot | prime mover of toe extension and also dorsiflexes foot
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| fibularis longus is also called | peroneus
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| peroneus origin tertius | distal anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
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| i of peroneus tertius | 5th metatarsal
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| a of peroneus tertius | dorsiflexes and everts foot
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| extensor hallucis longus o | anteromedial fibula shaft
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| i of extensor hallucis longus | distal pahlanx of great toe
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| a of ext. hall | extend great toe and dorsiflexes at ankle
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| fibularis longus (peroneus) origin | head of fibula
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| i of fib longus | 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform
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| a of fib longus | plantar flexes and everts foot
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| gastrocnemius origin | by 2 heads from medial and lateral condyles of femur
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| i of gastrocnemius | calcaneus via calcaneal tendon
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| a of gastro | plantar flex foot and flex knee
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| soleus origin | superior tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane
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| soleus insertion | same as gastro
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| a of soleus | plantar flexes foot
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| plantaris origin | back of femur
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| i of plantaris | calcaneal tendon
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| a of plataris | knee flexion and plantar flexion of foot
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| popliteus origin | lateral condyle of femur and lateral meniscus of knee
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| i of popliteus | tibia
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| a of popliteus | flexes and rotates leg medially to unlock knee
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| flexor digi longus foot origin | extensive origin on posterior tibia
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| i of flex digi foot | distal phalanges of toes 2-5
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| flexor hall origin | middle shaft of fibula and interosseous membrane
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| i of flex hall | distal phalanx of great toe
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| a of flex hall | plantar flexion and inversion, flexes hallux (pushoff while walking)
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| tibialis posterior originates | interosseous membrane and shafts of tibia and fibula
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| i of tib posterior | navicular, cuneiforms, cuboid, 2-4th metatarsals
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
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handrzej
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