bones and ossicification
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
|
|
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bone Functions (6) | Support; protection; Levers; movements; mineral storage; hemopoiesis
🗑
|
||||
| Hydroxyapatite | calcium phosphate + calcium hydroxide; crystal; ability to incorporate other minerals (CaCO3, ion K+, Mg+, F+)
🗑
|
||||
| Calcium phosphate | 2/3 weight of bone; crystals are strong and can be compressed but not twisted or bent or they will break; use for bones, blood clotting, muscle contraction, nerve impulses
🗑
|
||||
| Collagen fibers | tough & flexible; can twist/bend and they wont break but cant compress them or they will bend out of the way
🗑
|
||||
| Osteoprogentor cells | undifferentiated cells that become osteoblasts; ONLY mitotic bone cells; found in periosteum & endosteum
🗑
|
||||
| Periosteum | lines other surface of all bones; nutrition, protection, growth, repair, attachment to muscle; dense irregular CT
🗑
|
||||
| Endosteum | lines the marrow cavity, Havarian & Volkman's canals
🗑
|
||||
| Osteoblast cells | form true bone cells & bone matrix (hydroxyapatite & collagen fibers)
🗑
|
||||
| Osteocytes | true bone cells; make up 2% of bone
🗑
|
||||
| osteoclast cells | tear down bone; develop from circulating monocytes (WBCS)
🗑
|
||||
| Giant Cells | secrete lactic acid which leaches minerals from bones and destroys them
🗑
|
||||
| Osteoprosis | osteoclast activity predominates; osteoblast activity is not enough; females over 50
🗑
|
||||
| osteogensis | production of new bone
🗑
|
||||
| osteolysis | tearing down of bone
🗑
|
||||
| Outer layer peuriosteum | fibrous, tough, protective; CT, BVs, nerves, lymphatic vessels
🗑
|
||||
| Inner layer peuriosteum | osteogenic layer; bone cells are made; elastic fibers; BVs, food & O2 & CO2
🗑
|
||||
| Nutritive foramen | BVs pass through; 10% of cardiac output at anytime
🗑
|
||||
| Compact Bone | microstructure; dense/heavy, few spaces, thicker in diaphysis than epiphysis; stress resistant; support, protection; many osteon close together
🗑
|
||||
| Canaliculi | tiny canals filled with cytoplasmic extensions; osteocytes link BV in the Havarian canal with individual bone cells
🗑
|
||||
| concentric circles | each circle is called osteon
🗑
|
||||
| Spongy Bone | "Cancellus Bone"; lighter; lots of spaces; found under a layer of compact bone in epipysis; lines Medullary cavity, Haverian and volkmans canal
🗑
|
||||
| lacuna | "pool" around osteocyte; contains fluid (derived from blood-like plasma) that keeps the cell alive
🗑
|
||||
| Traleulae | struts of bone that form according to stress placed on bone; mesh work; contains non-circular lamella
🗑
|
||||
| Red marrow | in epiphysis & flat bones; blood forming tissues (RBCs)
🗑
|
||||
| Yellow marrow | in diaphysis; fatty NOT blood forming; adipose tissue; store minerals
🗑
|
||||
| epiphysial plate | region of the metaphysis; after growth stops it forms into the epiphysial line that gets lighter when older; cartilage cells are laid down on epiphysical side and changes to bone on diaphysis side
🗑
|
||||
| zone of reserve cartilage | attaches epiphysical to epiphysis; reacting cells
🗑
|
||||
| zone of proliferating cartilage | "stacks of coins"; new chondrocytes
🗑
|
||||
| zone of hypertrophic cartilage | cartilage cells are native large
🗑
|
||||
| zone of calcified matrix | dead cells forming new matrix; some cells become osteocytes from osteoblast
🗑
|
||||
| Intermembraneous ossification | dermal ossification; starts w/ fibrous membrane to spongy/compact bone; deepest layer of dermis; hypertopic bone formation-frontal/pareital bones, mandible, clavical, patella; mesenchyme-osteoblasts-collagen matrix-mineralization-mult ossificiations sites
🗑
|
||||
| endochondial ossification | starts w/ hyaline cartilage model; longer process; appositional (new cartilage outside) & interstial (cartilage increases from inside) growth; forms bone collar; primary & secondary sites of ossifications
🗑
|
||||
| bone fracture healing | internal callus(stitches & reabsorbs bones)-external callus(makes area bigger/true bone-cartilage to bone- linked by trabeculeum-gradually remolded to orignal
🗑
|
||||
| long bones | any bone with L>W; slightly curved ant to post; spongy/compact bone in epiphysis/diaphysis
🗑
|
||||
| short bones | roughly cubed shaped L=W; spongy inside/compact outside; wrist/ankle
🗑
|
||||
| flat bones | long, narrow; ribs, cranial bones (parietal, frontal, temporal), sternum, scapula; parallel areas of compact with spongy in between
🗑
|
||||
| irregular | bones that dont fit anywhere else; face bones, vertebrae; vary in amounts of spongy/compact bone
🗑
|
||||
| wormian bone | sutural bones; place where cranial bones articulate (touch)
🗑
|
||||
| sesamoid bones | bones form in tendons under stress; patella, wrist?
🗑
|
||||
| axial skeleton | 80 bones; ribs, sternum, skull, vertebrae
🗑
|
||||
| appendicular skeleton | 126 bones; arms & legs
🗑
|
||||
| cranial bones (8) | frontal, 2 parietal, 2 temporal, ethmoid, sphenoid, occipital
🗑
|
||||
| facial bones (14) | 2 nasal bones, 2 maxilla, 2 zygotmatic, mandible, 2 lacrimal, 2 palatine, 2 inferior nasal conchea, vomer
🗑
|
||||
| fontenals | "little fountain" "soft spots"; incomplete ossification of birth; anterior-between frontal & parietal closes 18-24 months; posterior-between parietal & occipital closes 2 months
🗑
|
||||
| Frontal Bone | supercilary arches; supra orbital ridge (margin); glabella; frontal sinuses
🗑
|
||||
| Parietal Bone | inside (ridge & valley hold nerves & BVs in position)
🗑
|
||||
| Temporal Bone | zygomatic process of temporal bone arts. w/ temporal process of zygomatic bone to form zygomatic arch; external auditory meatus; mandibular fossa articulates w/ condylar process of mandible form TMJ; mastoid process-sinsuses; styloid process-tongue
🗑
|
||||
| Petrous Portion of Temporal Bone | houses middle&inner ear; carotid foramen (taking blood to brain); juglar foramen
🗑
|
||||
| Sphenoid Bone | arts. w/ all cranial bones; greater wings; optic foramen-2nd cranial nerve; sella turcica-pituitary gland; body-sphenoid sinus; foramen ovale-5th cranial nerve; pterygoid process-attachment for mandible&soft plate
🗑
|
||||
| ethmoid bone | principle supporting structure of nasal cavity; crista galli(cocks limb) attach meninges(brain covering); cribiform plate-passage 1st cranial nerve; lateral mass-houses superior nasal conchae; perpendicular plate; middle nasal conchae-filter air
🗑
|
||||
| occipital bone | foramen magnum; occipital condyle- arts w/ sup art process of atlas; occipital crest-stabilize node of vertebrae; sup & inf nuchal lines- arts w/ atlas & balances head; occipital protuberrence
🗑
|
||||
| Skull Sutures | coronal-frontal & parietal; sagittal- parietial (top of head); lamboidal- occipital & parietal; squamoid-temporal & parietal
🗑
|
||||
| nasal bone | bridge of nose; sup part of nasal structure
🗑
|
||||
| maxillae | art. w/ all cranial bones except mandible; alveolar processes anchor teeth; L&R fuse early considered one bone; forms part of lateral wall of nasal cavity
🗑
|
||||
| palatine process | form hard plate (roof of mouth) & part of lateral walls of nasal cavity & part of floor; "L" shaped bone forms part of hard palate
🗑
|
||||
| cleft palate | failure of palatine process
🗑
|
||||
| paranasal cavity | drain into nasal cavity; lined w/ mucous membrane; frontal (morning headaches); sphenoid (in body-pressure headache); ethmoid (in lateral masses-pain behind eyes); maxillary (upper teeth)
🗑
|
||||
| mastoid sinus | do not open into nasal cavity
🗑
|
||||
| Eye Orbit | Super Orbital Fissure; ethmoid; Greater & Lesser wings of sphenoid; lacrimal; zygomatic bone; frontal; maxillary
🗑
|
||||
| Mandible | largest & strongest bone; only moveable bone in face; mandibular condyle articulates w. mandibular fossa of temporal bone; coronoid process-muscle attachment; angle; ramus; manibular foramen (dentists branches of 5th cranial nerve)
🗑
|
||||
| nasal septum | perpindicular plate of ethmoid; vomar; septal cartilage; deviated septum (where bone & cartilage meet-causes post nasal drip infections)
🗑
|
||||
| Vertebral column | approx 28 inches long; strong, flexible, movement ant, post, laterally; 7 cervical, 12 thoraic, 5 lumbar; 5 sacral (fused into 1 bone); 3-5 coccycal fused(male)/unfused (female); encloses & protects cord; supports head; attaches ribs & back muscles
🗑
|
||||
| vertebral foramen | spinal cord
🗑
|
||||
| intervertebral foramen | for exit of spinal nerves (inbetween vertebrae-laterally; posterior to disc& body, anterior to spinous process)
🗑
|
||||
| intervertebral discs | fibrocartilage pads
🗑
|
||||
| spinal curves | dissapate stress; maintain balance; absorb shock, protects from fracture; primary & secondary
🗑
|
||||
| primary curve | mimic fetal curve; anteriorly concave (thoraic & sacral)
🗑
|
||||
| secondary curve | opposite fetal curve; anteriorly convex; cervical (3-4 months holding head up) & lumbar (by 2 years for walking)
🗑
|
Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
To hide a column, click on the column name.
To hide the entire table, click on the "Hide All" button.
You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
If you know all the data on any row, you can temporarily remove it by tapping the trash can to the right of the row.
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Created by:
ham007
Popular Anatomy sets