MLT Carbohydrates
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| What are Carbohydrates? | show 🗑
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| show | ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate)
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| What two pathways is the primary energy source for the synthesis of ATP? | show 🗑
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| show | Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
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| What groups does all Carbohydrates contain? | show 🗑
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| show | Size of base carbon chain; Location of C=O; Stereochemistry of hte compound; Number of sugar units
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| How many Carbons is in Hexose, and what are the most common examples? | show 🗑
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| show | Aldose- Aldehyde is its functional group; Ketose- ketone as its functional group
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| What is Stereochemistry? | show 🗑
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| show | Compoundsthat have the same order and types of bonds, but different spatial arrangements and different properties.
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| Can Stereoisomers be overlapped? | show 🗑
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| What is Optical Activity? | show 🗑
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| What are Monosaccharides "simple sugars"? | show 🗑
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| show | Monosaccharides
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| show | Glucose
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| What is the sugar in milk and yogurt? | show 🗑
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| show | Fructose
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| show | contain 2- 10 monosaccharides; Most are reducing sugars (not sucrose)
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| show | Disaccharides
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| show | Sucrose, Lactose, and Maltose
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| What 2 monosaccharides make up Sucrose (common table sugar)? | show 🗑
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| What 2 monosaccharides make up Lactose (major sugar in milk)? | show 🗑
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| What 2 monosaccharides make up Maltose (product of starch digestion)? | show 🗑
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| What is the most common sugar in plants? | show 🗑
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| show | Lactase
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| show | Lack or insufficient amount of the enzyme Lactase
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| What are some useses of Maltose? | show 🗑
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| What are long chains of more than 10 monosaccharides (polymers of the simple sugars) | show 🗑
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| show | polysaccharides
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| Name the most common examples of Poly saccharides | show 🗑
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| What uses starch to store glucose | show 🗑
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| What uses Glycogen to store glucose | show 🗑
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| What is stored in the liver and muscles tissue as an "instant" source of energy? | show 🗑
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| show | Loss of an electron (L E O)
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| What is Reduction? | show 🗑
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| show | Aldehyde of Ketone group
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| show | The sum of all the chemical reactions that occur in the cell
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| What is Anabolism? | show 🗑
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| show | Catabolism
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| What is an enzyme? | show 🗑
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| show | Amylase
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| show | Amylase
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| Which enzyme Hydrolyzes Lactose? | show 🗑
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| What is the only carbohydrate to be directly used for energy or stored as glycogen? | show 🗑
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| Within the cell What is glucose rapidly converted to? | show 🗑
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| show | ATP ( Adenosine Triphosphate )
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| What is Hexokinase? | show 🗑
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| What is Glycolysis? | show 🗑
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| In Aerobic Glycolysis, what is the dominant product? | show 🗑
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| In Anaerobic Glycolysis, oxygen is depleted. What is the dominant product? | show 🗑
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| show | 2 ATP, and 2 Pyruvate
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| show | The phase where O2 prepares pyruvate to go into the cell for the Kreb Cycle
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| show | 2 ATP molecules
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| How many ATP molecules are created by the Electron Transport Chain? | show 🗑
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| show | 36 - 38
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| show | Lactic Acid
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| show | Muscle fatigue, pain, cramps, and soreness
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| show | Most arediffused into the bloodstream then to the liver where it is converted back to pyruvic acid when oxygen becomes available
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| show | Hexose Monophosphate shunt 9HMP)
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| What is important to RBC's which lack mitochondria? | show 🗑
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| What is glycogenesis? | show 🗑
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| show | Glycogenolysis
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| show | glycogen phosphorylase
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| What are the major depots of glycogen? | show 🗑
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| What is Gluconeogeogenesis? | show 🗑
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| What is the only hormone that decreases the blood glucose levels? | show 🗑
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| What is the primary hormone responsible for the entry of glucose into the cell? | show 🗑
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| Where is Insulin produced? | show 🗑
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| What is insulin referred to? | show 🗑
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| show | The primary hormone responsible for increasing glucose levels ; secreted by alpha cellls of the Islet of Langerhans in the pancreas; "Hyperglycemic Agent"
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| Which hormone that increases glucose is produced by the adrenal medulla? | show 🗑
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| show | Glucocorticoids; Primarily cortisol
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| show | Somatotropin
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| What increases plasma glucose by converting liver glycogen to glucose? | show 🗑
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| What is secreted by teh thyroid gland on stimulation of the Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)? | show 🗑
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| Where is somatostatin secreted from? | show 🗑
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| What is Hyperglycemia? | show 🗑
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| show | Diabetes Mellitus
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| What is Type I Diabetes? | show 🗑
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| What are some signs and symptoms of Type I Diabetes? | show 🗑
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| show | Nephropathy
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| What is neuropathy? | show 🗑
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| show | Occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina
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| What is Type 2 Diabetes? | show 🗑
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| What is the most common form of Diabetes? | show 🗑
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| show | Elevated blood sugar due to certain hormones that occur only during pregnancy.
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Created by:
Nsikanete
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