Heart
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| Thoracic cavity between the lungs in the space called | Mediastinum
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| _____ superior end of the heart | Base
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| The _____is posterior to the sternum | Base
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| _____enter and exit the base of the heart | Great vessel
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| ____inferior end of the heart | Apex
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| Apex is just superior to the _____ | Diaphragm
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| Apex is just ____ of the midline | Left
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| Strongest heartbeat is found in the _____ | Apex
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| Pericardial membranes are made of_____and_____ | Serous, fibrous connective tissue
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| ____pericardium-fibrous connective tissue (pericardial sac) |
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| Fibrous pericardium is the ____most of the ___layers | outer, 3
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| Serous pericardium has___ layers of the serous membrane | 2
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| _____pericardium lines fibrous pericardium | Parietal
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| ____pericardium covers the heart | Visceral
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| Visceral pericardium (aka) | Epicardium
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| Heart membranes outside in: heart___, ___, ___ | visceral, parietal, fibrous
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| Serous fluid secreted by ____serous membranes decrease___ | both, friction
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| Heart has___chambers | 4
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| Heart muscle | Myocardium
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| Simple squamous epithelium lining 4chambers, valves, vessels | Endothelium
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| Endocardium is ____to prevent____ | Smooth, clotting
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| ____prevent back flow | Valves (check valves)
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| Upper chambers | Atrium
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| Atrium are made of | Thin myocardium
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| Wall that separates the atria | Interatrial septum
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| Receives blood from 2 large caval veins | Right Atrium
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| ____vena cava receives blood from upper body | Superior
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| ____vena cava receives blood from lower body | Inferior
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| Right atrium pumps blood to the _____ | Right ventricle
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| RA pumps blood to RV through__ | Atrioventricular valve
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| AV valves (aka) | Tricuspid
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| AV valve is made of ____reinforced with____tissue | Endocardium, connective
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| ____receives blood from the lungs | Left atrium
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| Left atrium receives blood from the____ | Lungs
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| LA receives blood from lungs via ___pulmonary veins | 4
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| LA pumps to ___ | Left ventricle
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| LA pumps blood to LV through____ | Atrioventricular valve
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| AV valve (aka) (2) | Bicuspid, mitral
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| Atria produces a ____ | Hormone
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| Hormone produced by atria | Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
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| ANP | Atrial Natriuretic Peptide
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| Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (aka) | Atrial Natriuretic Hormone
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| ANH | Atrial Natriuretic Hormone
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| ANP____ reabsorption of Na+ ions | Decreases
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| ANP deceases reabsorptin of Na+ ions by the _____which ____BP | Kidneys, lowers
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| Lower heart chambers | Ventricles
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| Wall that separates ventricles | Interventricular septum
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| Ventricular cells produce | BType Natriuretic Peptide
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| BNP | BType Natriuretic Peptide
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| ____pumps blood to the lungs | Right ventricle
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| RV pumps blood to the lungs through the | Pulmonary Semilunar Valve
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| Strands of fibrous connective tissue that attach to the bottom of AV valve | Cordae tendinea
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| Papillary muscles contract to prevent___/____ of AV valve | prolapsed/inversion
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| RV have____ walls than LV | Thinner
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| LV has____walls than RV | Thicker
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| RV pumps blood to the ____ | Aorta
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| RV pumps blood to the aorta through | Aortic semilunar valve
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| Contraction of a chamber | Systole
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| Relaxation of a chamber | Diastole
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| ____systole (lub) | Atrial
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| ____systole (dub) | Ventricular
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| Improper closing of the valves | Heart murmur
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| Electrical system of the heart | Cardiac conduction pathway
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| Regulates the rate, rhythm, sequence of the muscle contraction | Cardiac conduction pathway
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| Follows a very specific route through the heart | Cardiac conduction pathway
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| Beats per minute | Rate
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| Regular steady beat | Rhythm
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| Pacemaker of the heart | Sinoatrial Node
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| Specialized muscle cells in the wall of the RA | Sinoatrial Node
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| SA node | Sinoatrial node
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| Depolarizes faster than other cells because the cells are more permeable to NA+ | SA Node
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| Where the signal travels after SA node depolarizes | Atrioventricular Node
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| AV node | Atrioventricular node
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| AV node is located in _____ | Interatrial septum
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| ______carries signal from the AV node to the bundle branches | Atrioventricular bundle
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| Atrioventricular bundle (aka) | Bundle of His
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| AV node is located in the _____ | Superior Interventricular septum
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| ______-take signal from AV bundle to Purkinje fibers | Bundle branches
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| Measures the electrical activity of heart | Electrocardiogram
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| Irregular heartbeats | Arrhythmias
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| Conscious awareness of arrhythmias | Palpitation
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| Uncoordinated contraction | Fibrillation
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| _____can be Atrial or ventricular | Fibrillation
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| _____ fibrillation is much more serious | Ventricle
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| Measurement of the HR at a vessel | Pulse
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| Normal at rest BPM | 60-80
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| Less than 60 BPM | Bradycardia
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| More than 100 BPM | Tachycardia
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| Children BPM | 100
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| Infants BPM | 120
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| Near term fetus BPM | 140
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| Athletes BPM as low as | 35-40
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| The amount of blood pumped by in ventricle in one minute | Cardiac output
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| Cardiac output varies base on | Pulse
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| Volume of blood pumped by a ventricle in one beat | Stoke volume
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| Stroke volume x HR | Cardiac output
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| As cardiac muscle fibers are ____ the more ____they contract | Stretch, forcefully
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| As cardiac muscle fibers are stretched the more forcefully the contract | Starlings Law
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| The difference in resting output and maximum output in liters | Cardiac reserve
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| Percent of blood in the ventricle that is pumped | Ejection fraction
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| Ejection fraction average | 60-70%
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| The CNS has the ability to influence the ____of contraction | Rate
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| _____ (brain) contains 2 cardiac centers | Medulla
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| Cardiac centers contained in medulla (2) | Accelerator, Inhibitory
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| Carried by CNS, fight/flight | Accelerator center
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| Carried by PNS, rest/digest | Inhibitory center
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| ____/_____ detect change in the arteries | Pressoreceptor/baroreceptors
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| Pressoreceptor/baroreceptors located in the carotid and ____ | Aortic arch
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| _____detect O2 content in blood | Chemoreceptors
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| Chemoreceptor located in carotid and ____ | Aortic body
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Created by:
Sarsileigh
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