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s. Anat 12
Heart
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Thoracic cavity between the lungs in the space called | Mediastinum |
| _____ superior end of the heart | Base |
| The _____is posterior to the sternum | Base |
| _____enter and exit the base of the heart | Great vessel |
| ____inferior end of the heart | Apex |
| Apex is just superior to the _____ | Diaphragm |
| Apex is just ____ of the midline | Left |
| Strongest heartbeat is found in the _____ | Apex |
| Pericardial membranes are made of_____and_____ | Serous, fibrous connective tissue |
| ____pericardium-fibrous connective tissue (pericardial sac) | |
| Fibrous pericardium is the ____most of the ___layers | outer, 3 |
| Serous pericardium has___ layers of the serous membrane | 2 |
| _____pericardium lines fibrous pericardium | Parietal |
| ____pericardium covers the heart | Visceral |
| Visceral pericardium (aka) | Epicardium |
| Heart membranes outside in: heart___, ___, ___ | visceral, parietal, fibrous |
| Serous fluid secreted by ____serous membranes decrease___ | both, friction |
| Heart has___chambers | 4 |
| Heart muscle | Myocardium |
| Simple squamous epithelium lining 4chambers, valves, vessels | Endothelium |
| Endocardium is ____to prevent____ | Smooth, clotting |
| ____prevent back flow | Valves (check valves) |
| Upper chambers | Atrium |
| Atrium are made of | Thin myocardium |
| Wall that separates the atria | Interatrial septum |
| Receives blood from 2 large caval veins | Right Atrium |
| ____vena cava receives blood from upper body | Superior |
| ____vena cava receives blood from lower body | Inferior |
| Right atrium pumps blood to the _____ | Right ventricle |
| RA pumps blood to RV through__ | Atrioventricular valve |
| AV valves (aka) | Tricuspid |
| AV valve is made of ____reinforced with____tissue | Endocardium, connective |
| ____receives blood from the lungs | Left atrium |
| Left atrium receives blood from the____ | Lungs |
| LA receives blood from lungs via ___pulmonary veins | 4 |
| LA pumps to ___ | Left ventricle |
| LA pumps blood to LV through____ | Atrioventricular valve |
| AV valve (aka) (2) | Bicuspid, mitral |
| Atria produces a ____ | Hormone |
| Hormone produced by atria | Atrial Natriuretic Peptide |
| ANP | Atrial Natriuretic Peptide |
| Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (aka) | Atrial Natriuretic Hormone |
| ANH | Atrial Natriuretic Hormone |
| ANP____ reabsorption of Na+ ions | Decreases |
| ANP deceases reabsorptin of Na+ ions by the _____which ____BP | Kidneys, lowers |
| Lower heart chambers | Ventricles |
| Wall that separates ventricles | Interventricular septum |
| Ventricular cells produce | BType Natriuretic Peptide |
| BNP | BType Natriuretic Peptide |
| ____pumps blood to the lungs | Right ventricle |
| RV pumps blood to the lungs through the | Pulmonary Semilunar Valve |
| Strands of fibrous connective tissue that attach to the bottom of AV valve | Cordae tendinea |
| Papillary muscles contract to prevent___/____ of AV valve | prolapsed/inversion |
| RV have____ walls than LV | Thinner |
| LV has____walls than RV | Thicker |
| RV pumps blood to the ____ | Aorta |
| RV pumps blood to the aorta through | Aortic semilunar valve |
| Contraction of a chamber | Systole |
| Relaxation of a chamber | Diastole |
| ____systole (lub) | Atrial |
| ____systole (dub) | Ventricular |
| Improper closing of the valves | Heart murmur |
| Electrical system of the heart | Cardiac conduction pathway |
| Regulates the rate, rhythm, sequence of the muscle contraction | Cardiac conduction pathway |
| Follows a very specific route through the heart | Cardiac conduction pathway |
| Beats per minute | Rate |
| Regular steady beat | Rhythm |
| Pacemaker of the heart | Sinoatrial Node |
| Specialized muscle cells in the wall of the RA | Sinoatrial Node |
| SA node | Sinoatrial node |
| Depolarizes faster than other cells because the cells are more permeable to NA+ | SA Node |
| Where the signal travels after SA node depolarizes | Atrioventricular Node |
| AV node | Atrioventricular node |
| AV node is located in _____ | Interatrial septum |
| ______carries signal from the AV node to the bundle branches | Atrioventricular bundle |
| Atrioventricular bundle (aka) | Bundle of His |
| AV node is located in the _____ | Superior Interventricular septum |
| ______-take signal from AV bundle to Purkinje fibers | Bundle branches |
| Measures the electrical activity of heart | Electrocardiogram |
| Irregular heartbeats | Arrhythmias |
| Conscious awareness of arrhythmias | Palpitation |
| Uncoordinated contraction | Fibrillation |
| _____can be Atrial or ventricular | Fibrillation |
| _____ fibrillation is much more serious | Ventricle |
| Measurement of the HR at a vessel | Pulse |
| Normal at rest BPM | 60-80 |
| Less than 60 BPM | Bradycardia |
| More than 100 BPM | Tachycardia |
| Children BPM | 100 |
| Infants BPM | 120 |
| Near term fetus BPM | 140 |
| Athletes BPM as low as | 35-40 |
| The amount of blood pumped by in ventricle in one minute | Cardiac output |
| Cardiac output varies base on | Pulse |
| Volume of blood pumped by a ventricle in one beat | Stoke volume |
| Stroke volume x HR | Cardiac output |
| As cardiac muscle fibers are ____ the more ____they contract | Stretch, forcefully |
| As cardiac muscle fibers are stretched the more forcefully the contract | Starlings Law |
| The difference in resting output and maximum output in liters | Cardiac reserve |
| Percent of blood in the ventricle that is pumped | Ejection fraction |
| Ejection fraction average | 60-70% |
| The CNS has the ability to influence the ____of contraction | Rate |
| _____ (brain) contains 2 cardiac centers | Medulla |
| Cardiac centers contained in medulla (2) | Accelerator, Inhibitory |
| Carried by CNS, fight/flight | Accelerator center |
| Carried by PNS, rest/digest | Inhibitory center |
| ____/_____ detect change in the arteries | Pressoreceptor/baroreceptors |
| Pressoreceptor/baroreceptors located in the carotid and ____ | Aortic arch |
| _____detect O2 content in blood | Chemoreceptors |
| Chemoreceptor located in carotid and ____ | Aortic body |
Created by:
Sarsileigh
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