chapter 3
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| smallest living subunit | cells
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| cells | work together with other cells
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| cell/plasma membrane | selectively permeable
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| phospholipid bilayer | double layer
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| cholesterol | decreases fluidity stablizing the membrane
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| protiens | pores/channels
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| Nucleus | all cells except mature red blood cells
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| nucleus have? | double layered nuclear membranes
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| cytoplasm | liquid solution of dissolved minerals, gases. and other molecules
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| Contains organelles | Cytoplasm
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| Organelles | "organs" of the cell, literally "little organs"
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| Proteasome | barrel-shaped organelle made of enzymes that cut protein molecules apart
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| Endoplasmic Reticulum | membranous tubules that extend from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane.
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| 2 types of Endoplasmic reticulum | Rough ER, and Smooth ER
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| Rough ER | Ribosomes on the surface
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| Smooth ER | No ribosomes on the surface
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| Golgi Appartus | Flat membranous sacs stacked like pancakes
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| Mitochondria | power house of the cell
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| Lysosomes | contain digestive enzymes called lysosomal
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| Centrioles | Rod-shaped, organize spindle fibers that separate chromosomes during cell division
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| Cilia | Many thread-like projections on certain cells
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| Flagella | Mobile thread-like projection through the cell membrane
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| Microvilli | Folds of the cell membrane that increase surface area
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| Vacuoles | Pinched off plasma membrance during phagocytosis and pinocytosis
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| What does cellular transport mechanism do? | move substances in and out of the cell
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| Diffusion | movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to and area of lesser concentration along a concentration gradient until equilbrium is reached.
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| Osmosis | Diffusion of Water through a selectively permeable membrane
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| isotonic | equal concentration of solutes
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| hypotonic | low concentration of solutes
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| hypertonic solution | higher concentration of solutes
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| Facilitated diffusion | diffusion molecules through a membrane with help from proteins in the cell membrane called transporters
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| active transport | energy requiring process of moving molecules against a concentration gradiet
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| Filtration | substance are forced through fluids out of capillaries into the interstitial spaces
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| Phagocytosis | moving cell engulfs something
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| pinocytosis | stationary cell engulfs something
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| DNA | double strand of nucletides twisted into a double helix made up of A,T,G,C
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| Protein synthesis | Occurs in the Ribosomes
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| how many types of Cell division are there? | two
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| Mitosis | one cell divides into two identical cells both having a full set of chromosomes
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| Meiosis | one cell divides into 4 cells each having half of the chromosomes
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| Mitosis | Diploid number, Full set of chromosomes
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| interphase | not a phase
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| prophase | chromosomes coil up
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| metaphase | chromosomes line up in the middle
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| Anaphase | Spindle fibers pull chromosomes to each pole
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| Telophase | Chromosomes uncoil to become chromatin
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| Cytokinesis | cytoplasm divides and cell membranes close off
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| Meiosis | results in gametes (egg and sperm)
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| Fertilization | egg and sperm meet and join chromosomes to form a 2n diploid zygote
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