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ch3 drjolley
chapter 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| smallest living subunit | cells |
| cells | work together with other cells |
| cell/plasma membrane | selectively permeable |
| phospholipid bilayer | double layer |
| cholesterol | decreases fluidity stablizing the membrane |
| protiens | pores/channels |
| Nucleus | all cells except mature red blood cells |
| nucleus have? | double layered nuclear membranes |
| cytoplasm | liquid solution of dissolved minerals, gases. and other molecules |
| Contains organelles | Cytoplasm |
| Organelles | "organs" of the cell, literally "little organs" |
| Proteasome | barrel-shaped organelle made of enzymes that cut protein molecules apart |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum | membranous tubules that extend from the nuclear membrane to the cell membrane. |
| 2 types of Endoplasmic reticulum | Rough ER, and Smooth ER |
| Rough ER | Ribosomes on the surface |
| Smooth ER | No ribosomes on the surface |
| Golgi Appartus | Flat membranous sacs stacked like pancakes |
| Mitochondria | power house of the cell |
| Lysosomes | contain digestive enzymes called lysosomal |
| Centrioles | Rod-shaped, organize spindle fibers that separate chromosomes during cell division |
| Cilia | Many thread-like projections on certain cells |
| Flagella | Mobile thread-like projection through the cell membrane |
| Microvilli | Folds of the cell membrane that increase surface area |
| Vacuoles | Pinched off plasma membrance during phagocytosis and pinocytosis |
| What does cellular transport mechanism do? | move substances in and out of the cell |
| Diffusion | movement of molecules from an area of greater concentration to and area of lesser concentration along a concentration gradient until equilbrium is reached. |
| Osmosis | Diffusion of Water through a selectively permeable membrane |
| isotonic | equal concentration of solutes |
| hypotonic | low concentration of solutes |
| hypertonic solution | higher concentration of solutes |
| Facilitated diffusion | diffusion molecules through a membrane with help from proteins in the cell membrane called transporters |
| active transport | energy requiring process of moving molecules against a concentration gradiet |
| Filtration | substance are forced through fluids out of capillaries into the interstitial spaces |
| Phagocytosis | moving cell engulfs something |
| pinocytosis | stationary cell engulfs something |
| DNA | double strand of nucletides twisted into a double helix made up of A,T,G,C |
| Protein synthesis | Occurs in the Ribosomes |
| how many types of Cell division are there? | two |
| Mitosis | one cell divides into two identical cells both having a full set of chromosomes |
| Meiosis | one cell divides into 4 cells each having half of the chromosomes |
| Mitosis | Diploid number, Full set of chromosomes |
| interphase | not a phase |
| prophase | chromosomes coil up |
| metaphase | chromosomes line up in the middle |
| Anaphase | Spindle fibers pull chromosomes to each pole |
| Telophase | Chromosomes uncoil to become chromatin |
| Cytokinesis | cytoplasm divides and cell membranes close off |
| Meiosis | results in gametes (egg and sperm) |
| Fertilization | egg and sperm meet and join chromosomes to form a 2n diploid zygote |
Created by:
Brandypeters
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