CH 5-8 - The Appendicular Skeleton
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| Atlas | Cervical number 1
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| Axis | Cervical number 2
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| The cervical vertebrae | This section forms an anterior curve on the spinal column and supports the weight of the head.
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| Cervical | Contains 7 vertebrae
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| Thoracic | contains 12 vertebrae
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| Lumbar | contains 5 vertebrae
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| Thoracic vertebrae | vertebrae that have pair of ribs attach to them.
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| Thoracic | These vertebrae form an anterior curve on the spinal column.
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| 12 pair of ribs | number of ribs in both sexes
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| Lumbar vertebrae | forms an anterior curve on the spinal column and supports the weight of the entire upper body.
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| Sacrum | Consists of five fused vertebrae
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| Coccyx | Consists of three to five fused vertebrae.
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| Body | The main portion of the vertebrae. It is positioned anteriorly in the body.
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| Spinous process | A spine that is projected posteriorly in the body
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| Vertebral foramen | Located posterior to the body and anterior to the spinous process. The spinal cord passes thorugh this foramen.
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| Transverse process | Lateral to the spinous process
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| Lamina | The curved area between the spinous process and the transverse process
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| Pedicle | Positioned between the body and the transverse process
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| Vertebral arches | The pedicle and lamina that form the walls of the fertebral foramen.
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| Transverse foramen | Foramen found only in the cervical vertebrae
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| Dens | anterior structure on the axis
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| Manubrium | Most superior part of the sternum
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| Body | central part of the sternum
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| Xiphoid process | most inferior part of the sternum
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| Vertebrosternal ribs | rib pairs 1-7
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| Vertebrochondral ribs | rib pairs 8-10
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| Floating ribs | rib pairs 11-12
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| True ribs | all vertebrosternal ribs can be called this
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| False ribs | Vertebrochondral and floating ribs can be called this
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| two | number of attachment points for ribs that attach to thoracic vertebrae
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| body & transverse process | Where ribs attach to the thoracic vertebrae
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| manubrium | cartilage of rib number one attaches here
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| body | cartilage of ribs 2-7 attaches here
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| Epiphysis | The two ends of the long bones
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| Diaphysis | The shaft of the bone
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| Metaphysis | The growing region of the bone located between the epiphysis and the diaphysis. It is composed of cartilage and also known as the growth zone.
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| Compact bone | This edge of bone is made of osteons
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| Spongy bone | Thjis bone is located in the marrow region
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| Red marrow | Located in the epiphyseal regions and is involved in blood cell formation.
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| Yellow marrow | Located in the diaphysis region and is involved in fat cell production.
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| Osteoblasts | Cells made of bone that are involved in making bone material
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| Osteoclasts | Cells of the bone that are involved in making the marrow carities and sinuses
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| Pectoral girdle | Consists of four bones: two scapulae and two clavicles
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| Sternal end | medial end of the clavicle. This end attaches to the manubrium.
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| Acromial end | Lateral end of the clavicle. This end attaches to teh scapula.
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| Conoid tubercle | This is on the inferior, posterior side of the clavicle nearest the acromial end.
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| Spinous process | A rather large ridge located on the posterior side of the scapula.
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| Acromion | A rather large bulge on the lateral edge of the spinous process.
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| Coracoid process | A bulge that is anterior to the acromion.
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| Glenoid fossa (cavity) | Depression located between the acromion and the coracoid process. It is located on teh lateral aspect of the scapula.
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| Supraspinous fossa | A slight depression superior to the spinous process.
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| Infraspinous fossa | A slight depression inferior tot he spinous process
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| Body | The main portion of the scapula. This is typically referred to as the "blade".
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| Scapular notch | Located on teh superior edge of the scapula margin of the scapula and a little medial to the coracoid process.
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| Medial border | The edge of the scapula that is nearest to the spinal column.
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| Lateral border | The edge of the scapula that is farthest from the spinal column
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| Inferior angle | The most inferior point of the scapula
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| Upper limbs | Consists of the humerous, radios, ulna, carpals, and hand bones (60 seperate bones)
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| Head | The portion of the humerus that fits into the Glenoid fossa of the scapula, thus forming the ball-and-socket joint.
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| Greater tubercle | A bulge that is lateral to the head.
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| Lesser tubercle | A bulge that is on the anterior poirtion of the humerus. It lies between the greater tubercle and the head.
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| Medial epicondyle | A rather large bulge located medial and distal
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| Lateral epicondyle | A rather large bulge located lateral and distal
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| Capitulum | One of the rounded condyles positioned between the medial and lateral epicondyle. It is the condyle that is nearest the lateral epicondyle.
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| Trochlea | One of the rounded condyles positioned between the medial and lateral epicondyle. It is the condyle that is nearest the medial epicondyle.
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| Coronoid fossa | A fossa located at the distal end on the anterior side
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| Olecranon fossa | A fossa located at the distal end on the posterior side
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| Deltoid tuberosity | A rather roughened area located about one-third of the way inferior to the greater tubercle.
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| Head | Ther round proximal end of the radius. It pivots on the capitulum of the humerus.
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| Radial tuberosity | Located a few centimeters inferior to the head on the medial side of the radius
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| Styloid pricess | Located at teh distal end on the lateral side of the radius
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| Dorsal radial tuberosity | Located at the distal end on the posterior side of the radius
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| Olecranon process | A rather large bulge located on the posterior side of the ulna. When the arm is extended, the it fits into the olecranon fossa of the humerus.
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