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BIOS-1140
CH 5-8 - The Appendicular Skeleton
| Part | Location |
|---|---|
| Atlas | Cervical number 1 |
| Axis | Cervical number 2 |
| The cervical vertebrae | This section forms an anterior curve on the spinal column and supports the weight of the head. |
| Cervical | Contains 7 vertebrae |
| Thoracic | contains 12 vertebrae |
| Lumbar | contains 5 vertebrae |
| Thoracic vertebrae | vertebrae that have pair of ribs attach to them. |
| Thoracic | These vertebrae form an anterior curve on the spinal column. |
| 12 pair of ribs | number of ribs in both sexes |
| Lumbar vertebrae | forms an anterior curve on the spinal column and supports the weight of the entire upper body. |
| Sacrum | Consists of five fused vertebrae |
| Coccyx | Consists of three to five fused vertebrae. |
| Body | The main portion of the vertebrae. It is positioned anteriorly in the body. |
| Spinous process | A spine that is projected posteriorly in the body |
| Vertebral foramen | Located posterior to the body and anterior to the spinous process. The spinal cord passes thorugh this foramen. |
| Transverse process | Lateral to the spinous process |
| Lamina | The curved area between the spinous process and the transverse process |
| Pedicle | Positioned between the body and the transverse process |
| Vertebral arches | The pedicle and lamina that form the walls of the fertebral foramen. |
| Transverse foramen | Foramen found only in the cervical vertebrae |
| Dens | anterior structure on the axis |
| Manubrium | Most superior part of the sternum |
| Body | central part of the sternum |
| Xiphoid process | most inferior part of the sternum |
| Vertebrosternal ribs | rib pairs 1-7 |
| Vertebrochondral ribs | rib pairs 8-10 |
| Floating ribs | rib pairs 11-12 |
| True ribs | all vertebrosternal ribs can be called this |
| False ribs | Vertebrochondral and floating ribs can be called this |
| two | number of attachment points for ribs that attach to thoracic vertebrae |
| body & transverse process | Where ribs attach to the thoracic vertebrae |
| manubrium | cartilage of rib number one attaches here |
| body | cartilage of ribs 2-7 attaches here |
| Epiphysis | The two ends of the long bones |
| Diaphysis | The shaft of the bone |
| Metaphysis | The growing region of the bone located between the epiphysis and the diaphysis. It is composed of cartilage and also known as the growth zone. |
| Compact bone | This edge of bone is made of osteons |
| Spongy bone | Thjis bone is located in the marrow region |
| Red marrow | Located in the epiphyseal regions and is involved in blood cell formation. |
| Yellow marrow | Located in the diaphysis region and is involved in fat cell production. |
| Osteoblasts | Cells made of bone that are involved in making bone material |
| Osteoclasts | Cells of the bone that are involved in making the marrow carities and sinuses |
| Pectoral girdle | Consists of four bones: two scapulae and two clavicles |
| Sternal end | medial end of the clavicle. This end attaches to the manubrium. |
| Acromial end | Lateral end of the clavicle. This end attaches to teh scapula. |
| Conoid tubercle | This is on the inferior, posterior side of the clavicle nearest the acromial end. |
| Spinous process | A rather large ridge located on the posterior side of the scapula. |
| Acromion | A rather large bulge on the lateral edge of the spinous process. |
| Coracoid process | A bulge that is anterior to the acromion. |
| Glenoid fossa (cavity) | Depression located between the acromion and the coracoid process. It is located on teh lateral aspect of the scapula. |
| Supraspinous fossa | A slight depression superior to the spinous process. |
| Infraspinous fossa | A slight depression inferior tot he spinous process |
| Body | The main portion of the scapula. This is typically referred to as the "blade". |
| Scapular notch | Located on teh superior edge of the scapula margin of the scapula and a little medial to the coracoid process. |
| Medial border | The edge of the scapula that is nearest to the spinal column. |
| Lateral border | The edge of the scapula that is farthest from the spinal column |
| Inferior angle | The most inferior point of the scapula |
| Upper limbs | Consists of the humerous, radios, ulna, carpals, and hand bones (60 seperate bones) |
| Head | The portion of the humerus that fits into the Glenoid fossa of the scapula, thus forming the ball-and-socket joint. |
| Greater tubercle | A bulge that is lateral to the head. |
| Lesser tubercle | A bulge that is on the anterior poirtion of the humerus. It lies between the greater tubercle and the head. |
| Medial epicondyle | A rather large bulge located medial and distal |
| Lateral epicondyle | A rather large bulge located lateral and distal |
| Capitulum | One of the rounded condyles positioned between the medial and lateral epicondyle. It is the condyle that is nearest the lateral epicondyle. |
| Trochlea | One of the rounded condyles positioned between the medial and lateral epicondyle. It is the condyle that is nearest the medial epicondyle. |
| Coronoid fossa | A fossa located at the distal end on the anterior side |
| Olecranon fossa | A fossa located at the distal end on the posterior side |
| Deltoid tuberosity | A rather roughened area located about one-third of the way inferior to the greater tubercle. |
| Head | Ther round proximal end of the radius. It pivots on the capitulum of the humerus. |
| Radial tuberosity | Located a few centimeters inferior to the head on the medial side of the radius |
| Styloid pricess | Located at teh distal end on the lateral side of the radius |
| Dorsal radial tuberosity | Located at the distal end on the posterior side of the radius |
| Olecranon process | A rather large bulge located on the posterior side of the ulna. When the arm is extended, the it fits into the olecranon fossa of the humerus. |
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