CNS Brain Anatomy
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| Arbor Vitae | white myelineated tracks inside cerebellum
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| vermis | Structure that connects right and left cerebellum
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| folia | parallel elevated ridges on the cerebellum
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| Ascending tracts | Sensory tract-always begin with "spina"
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| Descending tracts | Motor Pathway-always end with "spinal"
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| Dorsal Horns | Relay sensory information to the brain. Point toward the back of the body
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| Lateral Horns | Relay reflex information. Point toward sides of body
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| ventral horns | Relay voluntary information. Point toward front of body
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| How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? | 31
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| Commissure | where nerve fibers are crossing to opposite sides
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| Anterior median fissure | Divide spinal cord into right and left sides
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| Conus medullaris | Where the end of the spinal cord narrows to a point
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| Cauda equina | Many strands that make up the spinal column after L1
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| Filum Terminale | Band of connective tissue that attaches to the coccyx. Stabilizes the cauda equina
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| Occulomotor nerves | Controls movement of eye from side to side. Controls size of pupil
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| Ophthalmic nerve | Controls corneal reflex (blink)
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| Maxillary nerve | Controls sensory information from upper lips and upper teeth
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| Mandibular nerve | Controls sensory information from lower lips and lower teeth
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| Facial nerves | Control muscles of expression, salivary and lacrimal glands
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| Vestibulochochlear nerves | Relays information about hearing and balance
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| Glossopharyngeal nerves | Controls swallowing
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| Vagus nerves | Controls heart rate, breathing rate and digestive function
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| Accessory nerves | turns head from side to side
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| Rootlets | Directly enter or exit the spinal cord
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| Rami | branches off a spinal nerve
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| Nerve plexus | Multiple rami merge together and intertwine
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| Transverse fissure | Gap between cerebellum and occipital lobe
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| Cerebellum | Controls and programs well practiced behavior
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| Medulla Oblongata | Controls swallowing, gag reflex, cough and sneeze reflexes. The last part of the brain before the spinal cord
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| Reticular formation | Controls level of alertness. Located behind the pons
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| Pons | Control heart rate, breathing rate and urinary reflex. Next to pituitary gland
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| 2 Inferior Colliculi | Control startle reflex
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| 2 Superior Colliculi | Control movement of the eyes
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| Corpora Quadrigemina | 4 bumps in midbrain containing the Colliculi
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| Midbrain | posterior side of brainstem
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| Optic chiasm | Where right and left optic nerves cross. Just below hypothalamus
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| Pineal Gland | Controls circadian rhythms (sleep cycles). Below corpus colosum
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| Hypothalamus | Controls complex reflexes involved with homeostasis-body temperature, hunger and thirst. Empty area below the thalamus
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| Thalamus | Edits all sensory information and routes it to the appropriate cortex. Right under choroid plexus
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| Choroid plexus | group of blood vessels where CSF is made.
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| Fornix | Communication pathway between hypothalamus and limbic system.
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| Septum pellucidum | Wall between first and second ventricles. Below corpus colosum
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| Olfactory tract | gathers sensory information about odors. At the base of the frontal lobes
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| Olfactory lobe | Enlargement at the tip of the olfactory nerve
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| Cingulate gyrus | Controls expression of emotion. Sits on top of corpus colosum
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| Limbic system | Control emotional responses
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| Receptive Aphasia | When you can't understand language
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| Expressive Aphasia | Inability to produce speech
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| Wernicke's Area | Responsible for interpreting speech
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| Broca's Area | Responsible for production of speech. Controls muscles of tongue and lips
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| Occipital Lobes | Where you become aware of visual information. Where a visual image is constructed
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| Lateral Sulcus | Border between temporal lobe and both frontal and parietal lobes
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| Temporal lobes | Where you become consciously aware of auditory information
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| Insula | Where you are consciously aware of taste and smell
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| Post-central Gyrus | Beginning of parietal lobe. Parallel to pre-central gyrus
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| Parietal lobes | Where sensory and motor information is integrated
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| Central Sulcus | Valley between fronal and parietal
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| Pre-central Gyrus | Marks the end of the frontal lobe. All controlled voluntary actions come from here
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| Frontal lobes | Decision making and problem solving take place here
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| Cerebral nuclei | A cluster of nerve cell bodies
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| Cerebral white matter | Contains myelinated axons
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| Cerebral cortex | Outer edge of brain. Where all conscious experiences take place
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| Corpus Collosum | Connects right and left hemispheres. Cerebrum sits on top of it
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| Longitudinal fissure | Separates left from right brains
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| Fissure | Deep indentation between gyri
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| Sulcus | Shallow valleys betweem gyri
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| Gyrus | Elevated area on surface of the brain
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| Ventricles | Fluid filled chambers that help support and protect the brain
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| Pia Mater | Innermost layer of meninges. Comes in contact with CNS
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| Arachnoid | Middle layer of meninges. Hollow and filled with CSF
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| Dura Mater | Outer most layer-comes in contact with bone
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| Meninges | Connective tissue between bone and CNS, all around the spinal column and brain
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| Spinal Nerves | Merger of dorsal and ventral roots, what exit the vertebrae
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Created by:
willowguns
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