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Brain Anatomy a&p
CNS Brain Anatomy
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Arbor Vitae | white myelineated tracks inside cerebellum |
| vermis | Structure that connects right and left cerebellum |
| folia | parallel elevated ridges on the cerebellum |
| Ascending tracts | Sensory tract-always begin with "spina" |
| Descending tracts | Motor Pathway-always end with "spinal" |
| Dorsal Horns | Relay sensory information to the brain. Point toward the back of the body |
| Lateral Horns | Relay reflex information. Point toward sides of body |
| ventral horns | Relay voluntary information. Point toward front of body |
| How many pairs of spinal nerves are there? | 31 |
| Commissure | where nerve fibers are crossing to opposite sides |
| Anterior median fissure | Divide spinal cord into right and left sides |
| Conus medullaris | Where the end of the spinal cord narrows to a point |
| Cauda equina | Many strands that make up the spinal column after L1 |
| Filum Terminale | Band of connective tissue that attaches to the coccyx. Stabilizes the cauda equina |
| Occulomotor nerves | Controls movement of eye from side to side. Controls size of pupil |
| Ophthalmic nerve | Controls corneal reflex (blink) |
| Maxillary nerve | Controls sensory information from upper lips and upper teeth |
| Mandibular nerve | Controls sensory information from lower lips and lower teeth |
| Facial nerves | Control muscles of expression, salivary and lacrimal glands |
| Vestibulochochlear nerves | Relays information about hearing and balance |
| Glossopharyngeal nerves | Controls swallowing |
| Vagus nerves | Controls heart rate, breathing rate and digestive function |
| Accessory nerves | turns head from side to side |
| Rootlets | Directly enter or exit the spinal cord |
| Rami | branches off a spinal nerve |
| Nerve plexus | Multiple rami merge together and intertwine |
| Transverse fissure | Gap between cerebellum and occipital lobe |
| Cerebellum | Controls and programs well practiced behavior |
| Medulla Oblongata | Controls swallowing, gag reflex, cough and sneeze reflexes. The last part of the brain before the spinal cord |
| Reticular formation | Controls level of alertness. Located behind the pons |
| Pons | Control heart rate, breathing rate and urinary reflex. Next to pituitary gland |
| 2 Inferior Colliculi | Control startle reflex |
| 2 Superior Colliculi | Control movement of the eyes |
| Corpora Quadrigemina | 4 bumps in midbrain containing the Colliculi |
| Midbrain | posterior side of brainstem |
| Optic chiasm | Where right and left optic nerves cross. Just below hypothalamus |
| Pineal Gland | Controls circadian rhythms (sleep cycles). Below corpus colosum |
| Hypothalamus | Controls complex reflexes involved with homeostasis-body temperature, hunger and thirst. Empty area below the thalamus |
| Thalamus | Edits all sensory information and routes it to the appropriate cortex. Right under choroid plexus |
| Choroid plexus | group of blood vessels where CSF is made. |
| Fornix | Communication pathway between hypothalamus and limbic system. |
| Septum pellucidum | Wall between first and second ventricles. Below corpus colosum |
| Olfactory tract | gathers sensory information about odors. At the base of the frontal lobes |
| Olfactory lobe | Enlargement at the tip of the olfactory nerve |
| Cingulate gyrus | Controls expression of emotion. Sits on top of corpus colosum |
| Limbic system | Control emotional responses |
| Receptive Aphasia | When you can't understand language |
| Expressive Aphasia | Inability to produce speech |
| Wernicke's Area | Responsible for interpreting speech |
| Broca's Area | Responsible for production of speech. Controls muscles of tongue and lips |
| Occipital Lobes | Where you become aware of visual information. Where a visual image is constructed |
| Lateral Sulcus | Border between temporal lobe and both frontal and parietal lobes |
| Temporal lobes | Where you become consciously aware of auditory information |
| Insula | Where you are consciously aware of taste and smell |
| Post-central Gyrus | Beginning of parietal lobe. Parallel to pre-central gyrus |
| Parietal lobes | Where sensory and motor information is integrated |
| Central Sulcus | Valley between fronal and parietal |
| Pre-central Gyrus | Marks the end of the frontal lobe. All controlled voluntary actions come from here |
| Frontal lobes | Decision making and problem solving take place here |
| Cerebral nuclei | A cluster of nerve cell bodies |
| Cerebral white matter | Contains myelinated axons |
| Cerebral cortex | Outer edge of brain. Where all conscious experiences take place |
| Corpus Collosum | Connects right and left hemispheres. Cerebrum sits on top of it |
| Longitudinal fissure | Separates left from right brains |
| Fissure | Deep indentation between gyri |
| Sulcus | Shallow valleys betweem gyri |
| Gyrus | Elevated area on surface of the brain |
| Ventricles | Fluid filled chambers that help support and protect the brain |
| Pia Mater | Innermost layer of meninges. Comes in contact with CNS |
| Arachnoid | Middle layer of meninges. Hollow and filled with CSF |
| Dura Mater | Outer most layer-comes in contact with bone |
| Meninges | Connective tissue between bone and CNS, all around the spinal column and brain |
| Spinal Nerves | Merger of dorsal and ventral roots, what exit the vertebrae |
Created by:
willowguns
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