Female Reproductive System
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| adexa | tissues of structures in the body that are next to or near another
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| areola | circular area surrounding the nipple
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| cervix | neck of the uterus
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| climacteric | cessation of menstruation; menopause
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| clitoris | vaginal erectil tissue
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| coitus | sexual intercourse or copulation
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| corpus luteum | yellowish mass that forms within the ruptured ovarian follicle after ovulation; high levels of progesterone and some estrogen; functions as temporary endocrine gland
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| diaphragm | a form of contraception
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| endometrium | inner lining of the uterus
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| estrogen | female hormones that promotes the development of the female secondary sex characteristics
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| fallopian tubes | tubes opening at one end into the uterus and at the other end into the peritoneal cavity
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| fertilization | union of a male sperm and female ovum
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| fimbriae | fringelike end of the fallopian tube
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| fourchette | tense band of mucous membranes at the posterior rim of the vaginal opening
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| fundus | dome-shaped central, upper portion of the uterus
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| gamete | mature sperm or ovum
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| gonads | gamete-producing gland, such as an ovary or a testis
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| gynecology | branch of medicine that deals with the study of diseasesand disorders of the female reproductive system
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| hymen | thin layer of elastic, connective tissue membrane that forms a border around the outer opening of the vagina
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| labia majora | two folds of skin containing fatty tissue and covered with hair that lie on either side of the vaginal opening
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| labia minora | located within the folds of the labia majora
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| mammary glands | female breasts
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| mastectomy | surgical removal of the breast
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| mastitis | inflammation of the breast
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| menarche | first menstrual period
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| menopause | permanent cessation (stopping) of the menstrual cycles
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| menstruation | periodic shedding of the lining of the nonpregnant uterus
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| myometrium | muscular layer in the uterus
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| ovary | female gonads responsible for producing mature ova
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| ovulation | release of the mature ovum
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| ovum | female reproductive cell
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| perineum | area between the vaginal orifice and the anus
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| pregnancy | period of intrauterine development of the fetus from conception through birth; gestational period
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| premenstrual syndrome | group of symptoms; occurring shortly before the onset of menstruation; PMS
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| progesterone | female hormones secreted by the corpus luteum and the placenta; primarily responsible for the changes that occur in the endometrium in anticipation of a fertilized ovum
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| puberty | period of life at which the ability to reproduce begins
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| sperm | mature male germ cell; spermatozoon
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| uterus | hollow, pear-shaped organ of the female reproductive system that houses the fertilized, implanted ovum as it develops throughout pregnancy
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| vagina | muscular tube that connects the uterus with the vulva; approximately 3 inches long
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| vulva | external genitalia; pudendum
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| amenorrhea | absence of menstrual flox
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| dysmenorrhea | painful menstrual flow
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| menorrhagia | abnormally long or very heavy menstrual periods
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| metrorrhagia | uterine bleeding at times other than the menstrual period
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| oligomenorrhea | abnormally light or infrequent menstruation
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| abstinence | means to abstain from having vaginal intercourse
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| oral contraceptives | birth control pills
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| Depo-Provera injection | contraception administered intramuscularly; once every 12 weeks
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| tubal ligation | surgically cutting and tying the fallopian tubes to prevent passage of ova or sperm through the tubes preventing pregnancy
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| vasectomy | male sterilization
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| cervicitis | acute or chronic inflammation of the uterine cervix
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| cystocele | herniation or downward protrusion of the urinary bladder through the wall of the vagina
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| endometrial carcinoma | malignant tumor of the inner lining of the uterus; also known as adenocarinoma of the uterus
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| endometriosis | presence and growth of the endometrial tissue in areas outside the endometrium (lining of uterus)
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| fibrocystic breast disease | fluid-filled cysts that are palpable in the breasts
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| fibroid tumor | benign, fibrous tumor of the uterus
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| ovarian carcinoma | malignant tumor of the ovaries
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| ovarian cysts | benign, globular sacs (cysts) that form on or near the ovaries
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| pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) | infection of the fallopian tubes; salpingitis
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| stress incontinence, urinary | inability to hold urine
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| vaginitis | inflammation of the vagina and the vulva
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| aspiration biopsy | invasive procedure in which a needle is inserted into an area of the body, to withdraw a tissue or fluid sample for microscopic examination and diagnosis
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| colposcopy | visual examination of the vagina and cervix with a colposcope
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| cone biopsy | removal of a cone-shaped segment of the cervix for diagnosis or treatment; conization
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| cryosurgery | destruction of tissue by rapid freezing
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| culdocentesis | surgical puncture through the posterior wall of the vagina into the cul-de-sac; withdraw intraperitoneal fluid for examination
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| dilation and curettage (D&C) | dilation or widening of the cervical canal with a dilator, followed by scraping of the uterine lining with a curet
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| endometrial biopsy | invasive test for obtaining a sample of endometrial tissue (with a small curet) for examination
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| laparoscopy | viewing the abdominal cavity with a laparoscope
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| mammography | process of examining with x-ray the soft tissue of the breast
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| Papanicolaou (Pap) smear | diagnostic test for cervical cancer; cells scraped from within the cervix
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| Liquid-based Pap (LBP) | collecting a tissue sample from the endocervix and the exocervix with a sampling device that is placed directly into a liquid fixative instead of being spread onto a glass slide
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| pelvic ultrasound | noninvasive procedure; examine the abdomen and pelvis
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