Blood Vessels
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| arteries, veins, capillaries | three major types of blood vessels
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| blood vessels that conduct blood away from the heart and into the circulation | arteries
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| blood vessels that return blood toward the heart from the circulation | veins
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| have intimate contact with tissue cells & directly serve cellular needs | capillaries
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| cavity inside a tube, blood vessel, or hollow organ | lumen
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| single layer of simple squamous cells that line lumen of all vessels | endothelium
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| innermost tunic of arteries & veins | tunica intima
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| middle tunic of arteries & veins | tunica media
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| external tunic of arteries & veins | tunica externa
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| tunica externa can also be referred to as tunica __ | adventitia
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| tunica intima is the tunic that is | in intimate contact with blood in lumen
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| tunica intima endothelium is made up of | simple squamous epithelium
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| in vessels larger that 1 mm diameter __ __ consisting of basement membrane & loose connective tissue supports endothelium | subendothelial layer
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| tunica media is mostly made up of | circularly arranged smooth muscle cells & sheets of elastin
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| activity of muscles in tunica media is regulated by sympathetic __ __ fibers of autonomic nervous system & battery of chemicals | vasomotor nerve
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| reduction in lumen diameter as smooth muscle contracts | vasoconstriction
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| increase in lumen diameter as smooth muscle relaxes | vasodilation
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| in larger vessels, system of tiny blood vessels that nourish more external tissues of blood vessel wall | vasa vasorum
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| vasa vasorum means | vessels of the vessels
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| thick-walled arteries near heart; aorta & major branches | elastic arteries
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| elastic arteries range in size from | 2.5 to 1 cm
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| because elastic arteries have larger lumens it makes them __ __ that conduct blood from heart to medium-sized arteries | low-resistance
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| elastic arteries sometimes referred to as | conducting arteries
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| in elastic arteries, tunica __ contains most elastin | media
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| elastic arteries give way to __ arteries | muscular
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| deliver blood to specific body organs & account for most of named arteries | muscular/distributing arteries
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| muscular/distributing arteries internal diameter ranges from | 1 cm to 0.3 mm
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| muscular arteries have __ tunica media of all vessels | thickest
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| muscular arteries are more active in __ & less __ | vasoconstriction; distensible
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| in muscular arteries there is a(n) __ __ on each face of tunica media | elastic lamina
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| smallest of arteries | arterioles
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| arterioles have lumen diameter ranging from | 0.3 mm to 10 microns
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| larger arterioles have __ tunics | three
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| larger arterioles tunica media is chiefly __ __ with few scattered elastic fibers | smooth muscle
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| smaller arterioles leading to capillary beds are __ __ of smooth muscle cells spiraling around endothelial lining | single layer
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| smallest of the blood vessels and the sites of exchange between the blood and tissue cells | capillaries
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| capillaries walls consist of just thin tunica __ | intima
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| spider-shaped, smooth muscle-like cells that stabilize capillary wall & help control capillary permeability | pericytes
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| pericytes are located at __ __ along outer surface of some capillaries | strategic locations
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| average capillary length | 1 mm
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| average capillary lumen diameter is | 8-10 microns
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| capillaries abundant in skin & muscles; most common; continuous, endothelial cells provide uninterrupted lining adjacent cells joined laterally by tight junctions | continuous capillaries
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| lateral joining of continuous capillaries with adjacent cells | tight junctions
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| incomplete/gaps of unjoined membrane in tight junctions, just larger enough to allow limited passage of fluids & small solutes | intercellular clefts
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| endothelial cell cytoplasm, of continuous capillaries contain numerous __ __ that ferry fluids across capillary wall | pinocytotic vesicles
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| tight junctions of continuous capillaries are complete & extend around entire perimeter of endothelial cells in | brain constituting structural basis of blood-brain barrier
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| some of endothelial cells are riddled with oval pores usually covered by delicate membrane/diaphragm & are much more permeable to fluids & small solutes | fenestrated capillaries
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| fenestrated capillaries are found wherever __ __ absorption/filtrate formation occurs | active capillary
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| aorta and its major branches; withstand large blood pressure fluctuations | elastic arteries
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| __ capillaries are found in small intestines,endocrine glands, kidneys | fenestrated
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| leaky, fenestrated; allow larger molecules (proteins), blood cells to pass; blood flow sluggish | sinusoids
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| sinusoids can be found in | liver, bone marrow, spleen
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| formed when capillaries unite | venules
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| smallest venules; porous; allow fluid & WBCs to pass from the blood to tissues | postcapillary venules
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| venules join to form | veins
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| veins are composed of 3 tunics, with a __ tunica media & __ tunica externa | thin; thick
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| veins are __ __, or capacitance vessels, that contain 65% of blood | blood reservoirs
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| veins have __ blood pressure | lower
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| PPT p7 |
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