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A&PII - Ch 19
Blood Vessels
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| arteries, veins, capillaries | three major types of blood vessels |
| blood vessels that conduct blood away from the heart and into the circulation | arteries |
| blood vessels that return blood toward the heart from the circulation | veins |
| have intimate contact with tissue cells & directly serve cellular needs | capillaries |
| cavity inside a tube, blood vessel, or hollow organ | lumen |
| single layer of simple squamous cells that line lumen of all vessels | endothelium |
| innermost tunic of arteries & veins | tunica intima |
| middle tunic of arteries & veins | tunica media |
| external tunic of arteries & veins | tunica externa |
| tunica externa can also be referred to as tunica __ | adventitia |
| tunica intima is the tunic that is | in intimate contact with blood in lumen |
| tunica intima endothelium is made up of | simple squamous epithelium |
| in vessels larger that 1 mm diameter __ __ consisting of basement membrane & loose connective tissue supports endothelium | subendothelial layer |
| tunica media is mostly made up of | circularly arranged smooth muscle cells & sheets of elastin |
| activity of muscles in tunica media is regulated by sympathetic __ __ fibers of autonomic nervous system & battery of chemicals | vasomotor nerve |
| reduction in lumen diameter as smooth muscle contracts | vasoconstriction |
| increase in lumen diameter as smooth muscle relaxes | vasodilation |
| in larger vessels, system of tiny blood vessels that nourish more external tissues of blood vessel wall | vasa vasorum |
| vasa vasorum means | vessels of the vessels |
| thick-walled arteries near heart; aorta & major branches | elastic arteries |
| elastic arteries range in size from | 2.5 to 1 cm |
| because elastic arteries have larger lumens it makes them __ __ that conduct blood from heart to medium-sized arteries | low-resistance |
| elastic arteries sometimes referred to as | conducting arteries |
| in elastic arteries, tunica __ contains most elastin | media |
| elastic arteries give way to __ arteries | muscular |
| deliver blood to specific body organs & account for most of named arteries | muscular/distributing arteries |
| muscular/distributing arteries internal diameter ranges from | 1 cm to 0.3 mm |
| muscular arteries have __ tunica media of all vessels | thickest |
| muscular arteries are more active in __ & less __ | vasoconstriction; distensible |
| in muscular arteries there is a(n) __ __ on each face of tunica media | elastic lamina |
| smallest of arteries | arterioles |
| arterioles have lumen diameter ranging from | 0.3 mm to 10 microns |
| larger arterioles have __ tunics | three |
| larger arterioles tunica media is chiefly __ __ with few scattered elastic fibers | smooth muscle |
| smaller arterioles leading to capillary beds are __ __ of smooth muscle cells spiraling around endothelial lining | single layer |
| smallest of the blood vessels and the sites of exchange between the blood and tissue cells | capillaries |
| capillaries walls consist of just thin tunica __ | intima |
| spider-shaped, smooth muscle-like cells that stabilize capillary wall & help control capillary permeability | pericytes |
| pericytes are located at __ __ along outer surface of some capillaries | strategic locations |
| average capillary length | 1 mm |
| average capillary lumen diameter is | 8-10 microns |
| capillaries abundant in skin & muscles; most common; continuous, endothelial cells provide uninterrupted lining adjacent cells joined laterally by tight junctions | continuous capillaries |
| lateral joining of continuous capillaries with adjacent cells | tight junctions |
| incomplete/gaps of unjoined membrane in tight junctions, just larger enough to allow limited passage of fluids & small solutes | intercellular clefts |
| endothelial cell cytoplasm, of continuous capillaries contain numerous __ __ that ferry fluids across capillary wall | pinocytotic vesicles |
| tight junctions of continuous capillaries are complete & extend around entire perimeter of endothelial cells in | brain constituting structural basis of blood-brain barrier |
| some of endothelial cells are riddled with oval pores usually covered by delicate membrane/diaphragm & are much more permeable to fluids & small solutes | fenestrated capillaries |
| fenestrated capillaries are found wherever __ __ absorption/filtrate formation occurs | active capillary |
| aorta and its major branches; withstand large blood pressure fluctuations | elastic arteries |
| __ capillaries are found in small intestines,endocrine glands, kidneys | fenestrated |
| leaky, fenestrated; allow larger molecules (proteins), blood cells to pass; blood flow sluggish | sinusoids |
| sinusoids can be found in | liver, bone marrow, spleen |
| formed when capillaries unite | venules |
| smallest venules; porous; allow fluid & WBCs to pass from the blood to tissues | postcapillary venules |
| venules join to form | veins |
| veins are composed of 3 tunics, with a __ tunica media & __ tunica externa | thin; thick |
| veins are __ __, or capacitance vessels, that contain 65% of blood | blood reservoirs |
| veins have __ blood pressure | lower |
| PPT p7 |
Created by:
lfrancois
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